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Gene expression

Unit 3&4 VCE Biology

TermDefinition
DNA nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases A,T, G & C
nucleotide monomer of nucleic acid, composed of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base
pentose sugar deoxyribose or ribose sugar that is part of a nucleotide & forms part of the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids
template strand strand of DNA that is copied during transcription
amino acid monomer of polypeptides & proteins, composed of an amino group, a carboxyl group and a variable R group
RNA nucleic acid which contains ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases A,U, G & C
codon a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid
phosphate group negatively charged group that is part of a nucleotide & forms part of the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids
nitrogenous base (A,U,T,G,C) base that is part of a nucleotide and forms hydrogen bonds with other complementary bases (A pairs with T or U; C pairs with G)
gene expression process where a gene is transcribed and translated to produce a protein
phosphodiester bond name of bond that forms between pentose sugars and phosphate groups in the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids
mRNA messenger RNA: an RNA strand that is a complementary copy of the DNA template strand
translation process of reading the mRNA strand to produce a polypeptide chain, occurs in the ribosome
peptide bond bond that forms between amino acids
polypeptide chain a chain of amino acids joined together, produced at the ribosome during translation
triplet code a sequence of 3 DNA nucleotides on the template strand of DNA
ribosomes organelle that is the site of protein synthesis (translation)
hydrogen bond name of bond that forms between complementary nitrogenous bases
anticodon a sequence of three tRNA nucleotides that are complementary for a specific mRNA codon
tRNA transfer RNA: an RNA molecule with an anticodon that transports a specific amino acid to the ribosome
nucleic acid biomacromolecule made up of C, H, O, N & P; made up of nucleotide monomers
transcription process of producing an mRNA strand that is a complementary copy of the DNA template strand, occurs in the nucleus
rRNA ribosomal RNA: an RNA strand that serves as a structural component of a ribosome
Created by: BiologyBright
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