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Topic 4

Cell Division

QuestionAnswer
Embryo (zygote) single celled embryo
Meiosis produces reproductive cells
Mitosis produces all other cell types (somatic)
DNA Synthesis copying of the DNA
Cytokinesis dividing the cytoplasm to create two complete cells
G1 phase general cell growth
G2 phase replication of organelles
Chromatid left and right arms of a chromosome
Prophase chromosomes line up individually in the middle
Metaphase chromosomes line up individually in the middle
Anaphase centromeres divide and sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell
Telophase spindle disassembles, nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense
Cytokinesis a ring of filaments contracts inside the cell membrane -> pinches inwards -> ring shrinks until division is complete
S phase synthesizes DNA
M Phase division of nucleus
Checkpoints points where cells decide whether to proceed or not with cell division
P53 protein activates proteins that pause the cell cycle until damage can be repaired
Apoptosis programmed cell death
Cancer uncontrolled cell growth
Malignant Tumor cancerous and invasive
Benign Tumor noncancerous and noninvasive
Meiosis 1 each member of a chromosome pair separates, crossing over occurs
Meiosis 2 a normal miotic division (no s phase), sister chromatids are separated
Created by: user-1992551
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