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Bio 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Compounds used by cells to store and release energy |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer |
| Autotroph | Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer |
| photosynthesis | process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbydrates such as sugar and starches |
| Chlorophyll | principle pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms |
| Calvin cycle | Light independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugar |
| electron transport chain | series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high energy electrons during ATP generating reactions |
| ATP synthase | Cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it |
| Light-dependent reactions | set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| Light-independence reactions | set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle |
| NADP+ | (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), a carrier molecule that transfers high energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| pigment | light absorbing molecule used by plants to to gather the sun's energy |
| stroma | fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids |
| thylakoid | saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts |
| Photosystem | cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids |