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Biol 104 Ch.14

Gene to Protein (transcription & translation)

TermDefinition
Transcription the process of copying DNA into RNA
Translation the process of using mRNA to build proteins
Ribosomes structures made of RNA and protein that build proteins
Primary transcript the initial unprocessed RNA copied from DNA
Triplet code a general term for the system where three nucleotides code for one amino acid
Template strand the DNA strand used as a template to make RNA
Codon a specific three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid
Codon dictionary the chart showing which codons match which amino acids
RNA polymerase the enzyme that makes RNA from DNA
Promoter the DNA region where transcription begins
Terminator the DNA sequence that signals transcription to stop
TATA box a DNA sequence that helps start transcription in eukaryotes
RNA processing modifications made to RNA after transcription in eukaryotes
5' cap a protective structure added to the start of eukaryotic mRNA
Poly A tail a string of adenine bases added to the end of eukaryotic mRNA
RNA splicing cutting out introns and joining exons in RNA
Introns non-coding segments removed from RNA
Exons coding segments that remain in mature RNA
Spliceosome the molecular machine that removes introns from RNA
Transfer RNA RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome
Anticodon the three nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with a codon
Ribosomal RNA the RNA component of ribosomes
Ribosome E site where empty tRNA exits the ribosome
Ribosome A site where new tRNA enters the ribosome
Ribosome P site where tRNA holding the growing protein sits
Mutation a change in the DNA sequence
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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