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Medical Terminology
Midterm study guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| CH, chr | Chromosome |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| PKU | Phenylketonuria |
| GP | General Practitioner |
| Albumin/o | albumin, protein |
| Calc/i | calcium, lime, the heel |
| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid |
| Creatin/o | creatinine |
| Glycos/o | glucose, sugar |
| -graphy | the process of producing a picture or record |
| Hemat/o | blood, relating to the blood |
| Lapar/o | abdomen, abdominal wall |
| -otomy | cutting, surgical incision |
| Phleb/o | vein |
| Rad/i | radiation, x-rays |
| -scope | instrument for visual examination |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| Son/o | sound |
| -uria | urination, urine |
| ac | before meals |
| ad | as desired |
| amt | amount |
| bid | twice a day |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| pc | after meals |
| po | by mouth |
| prn | as needed |
| qh | every hour |
| qid | four times a day |
| Rx | prescription |
| sig | to be labeled accordingly |
| tid | three times a day |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| HcT | Hematocrit |
| TPR | temperature, pulse, respiration |
| WBC | white blood count |
| Anatomic Reference System | Describes the location of body planes, directions, and cavities. |
| Structures of the Body | The cell, tissues, and glands that form the body systems that work to enable proper body function |
| Genetics | Genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to childrens |
| Tissues | Group of similar specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions |
| Glands | Group of specialized cells that are capable of producing secretions |
| Body Systems/Related Organs | Organs that are independent in their specific functions but are grouped together with other organs w/related functions into body systems |
| Pathology | The study of the nature and cause of disease that involve changes in structure/functions |
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| anter/o | front |
| caud/o | towards the feet, tail |
| cephal/o | head |
| cyt/o, cyte | cell |
| end-, endo- | inside, within |
| exo- | out of / outside |
| hist/o | tissue |
| -ologist | specialist of |
| -ology | the study of |
| path/o, pathy | disease, suffering |
| plas/I, -plasia | development, formation |
| poster/o | back of |
| -stasis, -static | equal |
| Phenylketonuria | A genetic disorder where the digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing (PKU) |
| Mesentery | a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall |
| Retroperitoneal | Located behind the peritoneum |
| Adenocarcinoma | a malignant tumor that originates in the glandular tissue |
| Adenosclerosis | is the abnormal hardening of a gland |
| Communicable Disease | also known as a contagious disease, is any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| Idiopathic disorder | An illness without known cause |
| Iatrogenic illness | Unfavorable results due to a prescribed medical treatment |
| Dysplasia | is the abnormal development of growth of cells, tissues, or organs | dys means bad |
| Anaplasia | is a change in the structure of the cells and in their orientation to each other | ana means backwards |
| Hemophilia | Hereditary bleeding disorders with missing clotting-factors |
| Cytoplasm | is the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
| Acetaminophen | is an analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation |
| Hematocrit | describes the percentage, by volume of a blood sample occupied by red cells |
| Ophthmaloscope | is an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye |
| Transesophageal echocardiography | is an ultrasonic imaging technique used to evaluate the heart |
| Radiopaque | the substance does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film |
| Bruit | is an abnormal heart sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an artery |
| Auscultation | listening for sounds within the body and usually is performed through a stethoscope |
| Pericardiocentesis | is the puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid |
| Ketonuria | is the presence of ketones in the urine. Ketones are formed when the body breaks down fat. |
| Proteinuria | is the presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine. |
| rale (RAHL | also known as a crackle, is an abnormal crackle-like lung sound heard through a stethoscope during inspiration (breathing in) |
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images of any plane through the body. An MRI is a noninvasive means of examining soft tissue. |
Created by:
lrcoy9
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