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Review For Final

Chapter 13 and 16

TermDefinition
Somatic cells non-gamete cells that do not pass genetic material to offspring
Gametes cells that pass on genetic material during sexual reproduction
Zygote cell formed when egg and sperm fuse
Chromatin DNA plus histones
Euchromatin decondensed chromatin
Heterochromatin condensed chromatin
Semi-conservative replication both template strands form new DNA strands
Anti-parallel daughter strands run opposite of parental strands (3′→5′ vs 5′→3′)
Replication origins sites where DNA separates and replication begins
Helicase enzyme that unwinds DNA
Single-stranded binding proteins prevent separated DNA strands from re-pairing
Topoisomerase stabilizes double-stranded DNA near origins
Replication forks areas near replication origins where DNA is still double-stranded
DNA Polymerase enzyme that adds new nucleotides to daughter strand
Primase adds RNA primers to start synthesis
Leading strand synthesized continuously
Lagging strand synthesized in fragments (Okazaki fragments)
DNA Ligase fuses Okazaki fragments
DNA Polymerase I removes RNA primers
Mismatch mistake in DNA sequence during replication
Nucleases enzymes that remove mismatches
Mutagens environmental factors that damage DNA
Point mutation mutation of a single nucleotide
Nucleotide excision repair removes thymine dimers from UV damage
Created by: trumoo312
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