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ENV Fall Exam Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Non-living factors | Abiotic |
| non-living, physical and chemical elements which can influence wildlife populations | Abiotic Factors |
| population size or number or density of individuals in a given area | Abundance |
| spongy tissue and channels within the leaves, stems and roots of plants allowing air to pass through providing oxygen for growth | Aerenchyma |
| age distribution of individuals in a population | Age Structure |
| contains low oxygen | Anaerobic |
| free of oxygen | Anerobic |
| related to water | Aquatic |
| Subterranean layer of rock permeable to water | Aquifer |
| Gasses surrounding the earth from surface to space | atmosphere |
| recharge of shallow groundwater contributing to stream flow | Baseflow Contribution |
| part of the oceanic zone habitat which is below 1,000 meters | Bathypelagic Sub-zone |
| measurement of the rate in which energy can be consumed within an ecosystem resulting in a growth in biomass | Biological Productivity |
| biological processes occurring naturally in the ecosystem removing contaminants | Biological Uptake |
| Large, naturally occurring ecological levels occupying a major habitat; include aquatic, forest, grassland, and wetland | biomes |
| Sum of the surfaces, atmosphere and hydrosphere of the earth which is occupied by living organisms | biosphere |
| Any living organisms | biotic |
| living or once-living organisms within a habitat which have an influence on wildlife populations | Biotic Factors |
| number of new individuals produced in the population over a period of time | Birth Rate |
| wetland areas with clay soil where water will not seep into ground | Bogs |
| wetlands filled with peat and acidic water | Bogs |
| lightly salty water | Brackish |
| Development of vegetation in a community to a steady state over a period of time | Climax community |
| When one species benefits while another is unaffected | commensalism |
| Assemblage of different populations of flora and fauna species in an area | community |
| Struggle between two organisms for the same resources, such as food, space, or mates | competition |
| reaction of two or more animals seeking the same resource at the same time | Competition |
| Organisms which obtain food and energy through the consumption of other organisms | consumer |
| area of land underneath the sea and near a continent | Continental Shelf |
| invertebrate aquatic animals such as crab, lobster or shrimp | Crustaceans |
| non-material benefits provided by a habitat such as tourism and reaction | Cultural Services |
| barriers which restrict water flow | Dams |
| number of individuals in a population which expire over a period of time; also known as mortality rate | Death Rate |
| habitat in mid-latitude areas covered in broad-leaved trees which shed leaves during the winter season | Deciduous Forests |
| number of individual animals per unit area | Density |
| factors which vary depending on the population numbers and influence the regulation of population size | Density Dependent Factors |
| physical and environmental factors which vary and act independently of population numbers | Density Independent Factors |
| habitats with annual rainfall of less than 10 inches a year wuth temperatures reaching more than 110°F (43°C) | Deserts |
| dead material | Detrital |
| Consume decayed plants and animals | detritivores |
| location or distribution of animals within a space | Dispersion |
| individual achieves preferential access to resources over other individuals | Dominance |
| Process by which ecosystems advance toward a climax community through development of stages over time | Ecological succession |
| Study of the relationship between an organism and its environment | Ecology |
| services provided by wetlands which are valuable to landowners, communities, businesses and governments | Economic Benefits |
| Smaller community where biotic and abiotic elements interact within a biome | ecosystem |
| interconnected biological system made up of living organisms and their physical environment | Ecosystem |
| Effort by humans to manage organisms and their environments | Ecosystem management |
| number of individuals which migrate out of a population over a period of time | Emigration Rate |
| part of the oceanic zone habitat which ranges from the surface on the ocean to about 200 meters deeps | Epipelagic Sub-zone |
| Animals found in an area | fauna |
| potential for reproduction of an organism or population | Fecundity |
| Plants found in an area | flora |
| Linear representation which shows the flow of energy from one organism to another | Food chain |
| mass or river of ice formed by compressed snow and ice | glacier |
| habitat made up of flat plains covered in few trees with a temperature range of 40 to 100°F (4 to 38°C) | Grassland |
| Any part of the earth suitable to support species permanently or temporarily for migratory species | habitat |
| area in which animals, plants and other organisms live | Habitat |
| act of polluting a habitat until the quality of the habitat can no longer support life | Habitat Degradation |
| act of complete loss of habitat through direct human involvement | Habitat Destruction |
| breaking up habitats to the point where the habitat can no longer remain functional | Habitat Fragmentation |
| permanently or seasonally saturated with water | Hydric |
| water-retention of soil | Hydrogeomorphic Functions |
| regular pattern of variations in water levels | Hydrological Regime |
| water-loving | Hydrophytic |
| All the bodies of water on the earth | hydrosphere |
| number of individuals entering one population from another over a period of time | Immigration Rate |
| structures used to stop water from naturally changing course | Levees |
| restricts the size of a population from reaching its full potential | Limiting Factor |
| wetland with frequent flooding or constant surface water | Marsh |
| wetland areas constantly filled with water | Marshes |
| part of the oceanic zone habitat which ranges from the epipelagic sub-zone to about 1,000 meters deep | Mesopelagic Sub-zone |
| When two species benefit from ecological interaction | mutualism |
| marine habitat extending from the coast to the continental shelf | Neritic Zone |
| Describes how organisms match specific environmental conditions and respond to distribution of resources and competitors | niche |
| Chemical substance required by an organism for growth, reproduction and maintenance | nutrient |
| Exchange or conversion of nutrients from one form to another through biological and chemical processes | Nutrient cycling |
| process of moving organic and inorganic matter throughout an ecosystem | Nutrient Cycling |
| aquatic habitat in the ocean beyond the continental shelf | Oceanic Zone |
| Individual members of a population | organism |
| parasite feeds off of a host organism | Parasitism |
| Unit expressing a ratio of solute in a solution | Parts per thousand (ppt) |
| spongey substance formed by partially decomposed vegetation | Peat |
| ability an organism has to survive in a particular environment; health of an animal | Physical Condition |
| microscopic marine algae | Phytoplankton |
| coming from a clearly identified source | Point Source Pollution |
| Group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at the same time | population |
| changes in a population’s abundance and range over a period of time | Population Dynamics |
| measurement and study of population dynamics | Population Ecology |
| When one species kills another for food | predation |
| relationship between predator and prey | Predation |
| animal hunting and killing other animals for food | Predator |
| non-use of natural resources having little-to-no human intervention and interaction | Preservation |
| animal who is being hunted or killed for food | Prey |
| Herbivores which consume only plants | Primary consumers |
| Organisms which produce food or biomass through the process of photosynthesis | producer |
| number of offspring produced during a period of time | Production |
| products obtained from a habitat; used every day, such as food, water, wood and oil | Provisional Services |
| number of organisms surviving long enough to be added to a population | Recruitment |
| natural processes the habitat regulates, such as biological control of predator and prey populations and prevention of soil erosion | Regulating Services |
| taking an area which has been degraded and rebuilding the area | Restoration |
| Omnivores which consume plants and animals; carnivores which consume only animals | Secondary consumers |
| proportion of the population which is male versus female | Sex Structure |
| habitats migratory birds will utilize to gather resources along the flyway during bi-annual migration | Stopover Sites |
| earthy material covering ground such as dirt, rocks, sand or soil | Substrate |
| natural processes the habitat facilitates to maintain the conditions of the earth, such as oxygen production and nutrient cycling | Supporting Services |
| Responsibly using and conserving resources in a way which supports long-term ecological balance | sustainability |
| wetlands with woody plants | Swamps |
| habitat located below the tundra which is covered in coniferous forest | Taiga |
| Physical change through time | Temporal change |
| related to soil or dry land | Terrestrial |
| habitat with annual rainfall between 50 and 260 inches, constant humidity level between 77 and 90 percent and covered in trees creating a canopy | Tropical Rainforest |
| northern-most terrestrial habitat which is treeless and the subsoil is frozen year-round | Tundra |
| area which has hydric and anerobic soil and supports a plant community which is adapted to living in these soils | Wetland |
| habitat in which shallow pools of water form where there is poor drainage in the land | Wetlands |
| areas flooded or saturated by water and support vegetation adapted for life in saturated soils | Wetlands |
| individuals of one species living and interacting together as a group | Wildlife Populations |
Created by:
fliseml
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