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CHapter 11

Bio vocab

TermDefinition
genetics the study of heredity
fertilization the joining of male and female reproductive cells in sexual reproduction
trait a specific inherited characteristic
hybrid the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
gene the factors (DNA) that are passed from parents to offspring
allele the different forms of a gene
principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and that some alleles are recessive
segregation the separation of alleles (during meiosis)
gamete sex cells
homozygous having two identical alleles for a trait (TT,tt)
phenotype physical trait
genotype genetic makeup
independent assortment states genes for different traits traits segregate independently when gametes are formed
incomplete dominance when heterozygous, the phenotypes is in-between the homozygous phenotypes
codominance when heterozygous, both alleles are clearly expressed in the phenotype
multiple alleles a gene that has more then two alleles
polygenic trait trait controlled nyw two or more genes
homologous chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set the female parent
diploid refers to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes (2n)
haploid refers to a cell that contains only a single set of genes (n)
tetrad structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis
crossing-over hen homologous chromosomes exchange parts of their chromatids during meiosis
zygote fertilized eggs
heterozygous having different alleles for a trait (Tt)
Created by: user-2005601
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