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Bio Unit 2 Vocab

Asexual Reproduction

QuestionAnswer
DNA the molecule inside cells that contains the genetic instructions for an organism's development and function; double stranded helix
nucleotide the basic building block of DNA and RNA; composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base (A, C, G, T/U).
gene a specific sequence of DNA that codes for the production of proteins
chromosome the condensed form of DNA (DNA coiled around proteins)
gene regulation the process of controlling which genes are expressed (turned on) and repressed (turned off)
cell cycle the series of events a cell goes through to grow and divide into two identical daughter cells; includes mitosis
mitosis mother cell divides and creates genetically identical daughter cells; used for growth and tissue repair
stem cell unspecialized cell that can differentiate
cell differentiation (specialization) the process where a stem cell becomes specialized and acquires distinct structures and functions to perform a specific role
mutation a permanent change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases of a cell's genetic material
cancer a disease where some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably because they have mutations and don't respond to normal checkpoints in the cell cycle
apoptosis the process of programmed cell death that the body uses to get rid of unneeded, old, or damaged cells in a controlled way
tumor an abnormal group of cells that forms in the body when cells grow and divide more than they should, or do not die when they are supposed to
synthesis the process by which living organisms create complex substances from simpler ones (building blocks), usually with the help of enzymes and energy
Created by: dpietropaoloblue
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