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photosynthesis vocab
chapter 9 photosynthesis vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP | compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| Photosynthesis | process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| pigment | light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy |
| Chlorophyll | principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms |
| Thylakoid | saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts |
| Stroma | fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids |
| NADP+ | (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| Light-dependent reactions | set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| Light-independent reactions | set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle |
| photosystem | cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids |
| electron transport chain | series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions |
| ATP Synthase | cluster of proteins that span the thylakoid membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it |
| Calvin cycle | the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar |