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medical language4
Digestion System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The digestive system is also known as | gastrointestinal (GI) system |
| or/o or smomat/o mean | oral cavity |
| Digestion begins where | oral cavity |
| Digestion is | the break down of food into small liquids |
| oral means | pertaining to the oral cavity |
| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the oral cavity caused by the herpes simplex 1 virus also know as a cold sore or fever blisters |
| buccal | pertaining to a cheek |
| gloss/o or lingu/o means | tongue |
| glossectomy | surgical removal of the tongue |
| sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue aka hypoglossal |
| chemical digestion includes the secretion of | saliva HCl stands for hydrochloric acid. HCl is found in the stomach. |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gingivae (gums) |
| Palat/o means | hard and soft palate the hard and soft palate are located at the roof of the oral cavity. |
| palato plasy | surgical repair of the palate. |
| pharyng/o means | pharynx (throat) |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| esophagus is the tube connecting to the | pharynx and the stomach |
| esophogotomy | surgical incision of the esophagus |
| gastroectomy | surgical removal of the stomach |
| duoden/o | duodenum is the first section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| espohagogastroduodenoscopy EGD | viewing the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a lighted instrument. |
| jejun/o | jejunum is the second section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| jejunojejuno anostomosis | a joining of anesection of the jejunum to another section of the jejunum. |
| ile/o | ileum is the third section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| ileostomy | a new or artifical opening into the ilem |
| enter/0 | small intestine or small bowel |
| dysentery | a condition of painful small intestine |
| cec/o | cecum is the first section of the large intestine (large bowel) |
| ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum and the cecum |
| append/o and appendic/o | appendix is a finger like projection off of the cecum |
| appendix is located where | right lower quadrant |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| the asending colon | is the second section of the large intestine |
| the transverse colon | is the third section of the large intestine |
| the descending colon | is the fourth section of the large intestine |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon id the fifth section of the large intestine |
| sigmoidoscopy | viewing the sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument |
| rect/o | rectum is the sixth section of the large intestine |
| rectocele | a herniation of the rectum |
| an/o | anus is the last section of the large intestine |
| anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus |
| prot/o | anus and rectum |
| proctologist | a specialist in the study of the anus and rectum |
| col/o colon/o | colon or large bowel or large intestine |
| colistis | inflammation of the colon |
| colonoscopy | viewing the colon with a lighted instrument. |
| hemat/o | liver |
| The liver is located in the | Right upper quadrant RUG |
| The liver is made up of sections called | lobes |
| The liver is responsible for creating | bile |
| Bile is | secreated by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. |
| The function of bile is to | emulsify (emulsification) Emulsify means to break up fats. |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| chole | bile or gall (way to remember it) (by golly) |
| cholecyst/o | gall bladder |
| The gall bladder is responsible for | storing the bile |
| The gall bladder is located | inferior to the liver (below the liver) |
| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder using a lighted instrument inserted through an opening in the abdomen. |
| pancreat/o | pancrease |
| The pancreas is located | posterior to the stomach (retro gastric) behind the stomach |
| pancreas creates | enzymes that will aid in chemical digestion. |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancrease |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| A duct is | a vessel |
| choledocholithotripsy | crushing a stone in a bile duct. |
| peritone/o or abdomin/o or lapar/o means | abdomen |
| pertionitis | inflammation of the abdomen |
| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
| laparoscope | a lighted instrument to view the abdomen |
| diverticul/o | diverticulum(a) pural with adding the a |
| Diverticula are | blister like lesions found in the large bowel |
| diverticulosis | abnormal condition of diverticula |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
| polyp/o | polyp |
| polyp is | a premalignant lesion that can be found in the large bowel. |
| polypectomy | surgical removal of a polyp. |
| cholangioma | tumor or mass of a bile vessel |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gall bladder |
| choledocholithiosis | abnormal condition of stone(s) in a bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | abnormal condition of a gall stone(s) |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and the small intestine. |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach small intestine and colon. |
| hepatoma | tumor or mass of the liver |
| palatitis | inflammation of a palate |
| polyposis | abnormal condition of polyp(s) |
| proctoptosis | drooping or sagging of the anus and rectum aka prolapse of the anus and rectum |
| abdominoplasy | surgical repair of the abdomen |
| adhesion | tissue sticking together that should not be sticking together. |
| GERD | GastroEspophagal Refllux Diease |
| Reflux means | regurgitation |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon and the presence of ulcers |
| choledocholithotomy | surgical incision of a bile to removal a stone which would be called a choledocholithectomy |
| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
| colostomy | a new opening or artifical opening in to the colon |
| stoma means | a new or artifical opening |
| diverticulectomy | surgical removal of a dicerticulum |
| enterorrhaphy | suturing of the small intestine (bowel) |
| esophagogastroplasty | surgical repair of the esophagus and stomach |
| gastrojejunostomy(stoma) | a new or artifical opening of the stomach |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of a gingiva |
| glossorrhapy | suturing of the tongue |
| lapareotomy | surgical incision of the abdomen |
| cholangiogram | a record of a bile vessel |
| cholecystogram | a record of the gall bladder aka GB series |
| endoscope | a lighted instrument to view within |
| esophagoscope | a lighted instrument to view the espohagus |
| espophagoscopy | the proess of viewing the espophagus with a lighted instrument |
| gastroscope | a lighted instrument to view the stomach |
| gastroscopy | the process of viewing the stomach with a lighted instrument |
| proctoscope | a lighted instrument to view the anus and rectum |
| proctoscopy | the process of viewing the anus and rectum with a lighted instrument |
| sigmoidoscope | a lighted instrument to view the sigmoid colon. |
| aphagia(g-gag) | a condition of no swallowing |
| bradypepsia | a condition of slow digestion |
| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen |
| dyspepsia (dyspepsic) | a condition of difficult digestion |
| dysphagia (g-gag) | a condition of difficult of painful swallowing |
| dysphasia(s-speech) | a condition of difficult speech |
| gastrodynia | a condition of stomach pain |
| gastroenterologist | a specialist in the study of the stomach and small intestine. |
| gastromalacia | a condition of softening of the stomach |
| glossopathy | disease condition of the tongue |
| nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and stomach |
| pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas |
| peritoneal ( the captain and...) | pertaining to the peritoneum (abdomen) |
| proctosigmoidoscopy | a process of viewing the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument. |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the oral cavity and stomach |
| hern/o | hernia |
| hernia is | a protrusion of an organ through the muscular wall in which it is contained |
| hernoirrhaphy | suturing of a hernia |
| hiatal hernia | herniation of the stomach through the diaphram |
| sphincter | a ring of muscles that opens and closes |
| inguinal hernia | herniation of the intestine into the scrotum |
| unbilical hernia | herniation of the intestine through the abdominal wall at the umbilicus aka the belly button |
| strangulated hernia | the hernia occludes the blood supply to the protruding tissue |
| anorexia (anorexic) | a condition of no appetite |
| ulcer | an erosion (wear away) of the skin and mucous membrane |
| ileus | a bowel obstruction |
| Upper GI Series (UGI) means | barium swallow |
| Lower GI Series means | barium enema BaE or BE |
| Barium is a | radiopaque (contrast) material |
| radiopaque | (contrast) material will illuminate when exposed to x-rays |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | process of recording the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts using x-rays and a lighted instrument. |
| resection | excision |
| espophageal artesia | a congenital closure of the espophagus |
| endoscopic ultra sound (EUS) | process of recording the GI tract using sound and a lighted instrument |
| Hemoccult, Hema-check, colo-rect, hematest, seracult, or guaiac mean | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| occult means | hidden blood that cannot seen with the naked eye |
| stool | semi solid waste expelled through the anus |
| another medical term of stool is | fessies |
| the act of exspelling feces from the body is called | defecation or BM (Bowel Movement) |
| a normal BM is | Brown and formed like a baby ruth candy bar |
| impaction | an acccumulation of feces in the bowel |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| diarrhea | loose watery stools |
| constipation | difficult defecation (drink more water to help) |
| obstipation | constipation caused by a bowel obstruction (ileus) |
| flatus or flatulence | gas expelled through the anus |
| gastric lavvage | washing out the stomach aka pumping out the stomach |
| gavage | process of feeding a person through a nasogastric (NG) tube aka feeding tube. |
| emesis(emetic) | pertaining to vomit(ing) |
| hemoptysis | expectorating blood |
| postprandial | pertaining to after meals |
| peforation(perforate) | to stretch out or inflate |
| Jaundice | a yellowish orangish discoloration of the skin and or sclera aka icterus (icteric) |
| Jaundic (icterus) | is caused by a distruction of erythrocytes called hemolysis |
| Dead, broken up erythrocytes are called | bilirubin |
| hyperbilirubinemia | a blood condition of excessive bilirubin |
| peristalsis (peristaltic) | pertaining to a wave like action of the bowels that propels the undigested food through the GI tract |
| borborygmos | the groaning and gurgling sounds made during peristalic a activity |
| colic | painful spasms of the GI tract |
| Halitosis | bad breath |
| eructation (eructate) | belching or burping |
| melena (melanotic) | pertaining to black, tarry, pungent stools indicative of blood in the fecal matter |
| pungent | a very strong aroma |
| Dental caries | extreme dental (tooth) decay |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| cirrhosis | a chronic degeneration of liver cells |
| absorb (absorption) | movement of nutrients into the blood stream |
| enzymes | chemical catalysts |
| chemical catalysts are | chemicals that causes a reaction to occur |
| N+V | nausea and vomitiong |
| BS | Blood Sugar or bowel sounds or breath sounds |
| IBD | inflammation bowel disease |
| Peg | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition aka hyperalimentation (hyperal) |
| O+P | Ova(eggs) and parasites(worms) |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| LFT's | liver function tests |
| LFT's include | 1. SGOT aka AST 2. SGPT aka ALT 3. ALKaline phosphatase (ALK. Phos) |
| SL | sublingual |
| AC | before meals |
| DX | diagnosis |
| P.C. | after meals |
| PO | by mouth |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| QD ORQD | everyday |
| BID | twice a day |
| TID | three times a day |
| QID | four times a day |
| QOD | every other day |
| q | every |
| qh | every hour |
| q 2 h | every two hours |
| a | before |
| p | after |
| c | with |
| s | without |
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Brandyfasting
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