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Week 5

Opioids & Substance Use

TermDefinition
Codeine most commonly used opioid in dentistry
Codeine + Tylenol Tylenol 3, provides greater pain relief
Cocaine Abusers exhibit dilated pupils (mydriasis)
Morphine First natural opiate used for acute or severe pain
Oxycodone semi-synthetic opioid
Oxycodone + Tylenol Percocet
Oxycodone + aspirin Percodan
Naloxone (Narcan) an opioid antagonist and used to treat opioid overdose
Agonists refers to a substance that binds to and activates a receptor in the body
Mixed opioids also known as mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, refer to a class of opioids that have both agonistic (activating) and antagonistic (blocking) effects on opioid receptors in the nervous system
Antagonists are substances that bind to receptors in the body but do not activate them. Instead, they block or inhibit the action of agonists
Narcotics original name for opioid drugs. Derived from the Greek work which means “inducing stupor or sleep”
Opioid Agonists morphine (MS Contin, Kadian, Roxanol, Duramorph) oxycodone [acetaminophen/oxycodone] (Percocet) hydrocodone [acetaminophen/hydrocodone] (Vicodin) codeine (Codeine 15) methadone (Methadose) fentanyl (Duragesic, Actiq, Subsys, Sublimaze)
Opioid Antagonists naloxone (Narcan)
Mixed Opioids buprenorphine (Buprenex) tramadol (Ultram)
Abstinence syndrome A constellation of physiologic changes undergone by people who have become physically dependent on a drug or chemical who are abruptly deprived of that substance
Addiction a chronic, relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking use despite complications or negative consequences
Substance use disorders occur when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment.
Enabling The behavior of family or friends who associate with the addict that results in continued substance use disorder.
Habituation Physiologic tolerance to or psychological dependence on a drug
Misuse Use of a drug for a disease state in a way considered inappropriate
Physical/physiologic dependence The state in which the drug is necessary for the continued functioning of certain body process.
Psychologic dependence The state in which, following withdrawal of the drug, there are manifestations of emotional abnormalities and drug-seeking behavior
Relapse Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop.
Tolerance With repeated dosing, the dose of a drug must be increased to obtain the same effect.
Withdrawal The constellation of symptoms, as specified in the DSM-5, that occurs when a physically dependent person stops taking the drug.
Mixed Opioid: CNS Depressants Ethyl Alcohol
Opioid Analgesic: Agonists Heroin meperidine (Demerol)
Benzodiazepine: Sedative-Hypnotics diazepam (Valium)
CNS Stimulants Cocaine Methamphetamine (Desoxyn) Caffeine (Stay Awake) Nicotine (Nicorette, Nicoderm)
Psychedelics (Hallucinogens) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Phencyclidine (PCP) Ecstasy Cannabis (Marijuana)
Withdrawal Drugs norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI): bupropion (Wellbutrin SR) Nicotine receptor partial agonists: varenicline (Chantix)
Created by: Celrrose
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