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Cell Structure Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic processes |
| cell wall | rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell and helps support and protect the cell |
| chloroplast | organelle in the cells of plants and algae where photsynthesis takes place |
| central vacuole | large sac-like organelle in plant cells that stores substances such as water and helps keep plant tissues rigid |
| cytoplasm | all of the material inside the plasma membrane of a cell (excluding orgnalles) |
| cytoskeleton | structure of filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm that provides a cell with an internal framework |
| endoplasmic reticulum(ER) | organelle in eukaryotic cells that helps make and transport proteins |
| endosymbiotic theory | theory that eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that invaded primitive eukaryotic cells |
| eukaryote | organism that has cells containing a nucleus and other organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle in eukaryotic cells that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell |
| mitochondria | organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes energy available to the cell in the form of ATP molecules |
| nucleus | organelle inside eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell's DNA and acts as the control center of the cell |
| organelle | structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is enclosed within a membrane and performs a specific job |
| phospholipid bilayer | double layer of phospholid molecules that makes up a plasma membrane |
| plasma membrane | thin coats of lipids (phospholipids) that surrounds and encloses a cell |
| prokaryote | single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus |
| prokaryote cell | cell without a nucleus that is found in single-celled organisms |
| ribosome | organelle inside all cells where proteins are made |
| vacoule | large sac-like organelle that stores and transports materials inside a cell |
| vesicle | small sac-like organelle that stores and transports materials inside a cell |
| virus | tiny, nonliving particle that contains DNA but lacks other characteristics of living cells |
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