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Bio: Life evolution

Bio Exam 1

What are the basic properties of life? Order, Responsiveness, Reproduction, Adaptation, Growth, Homeostasis, and Metabolism
Order Cellular Organization into components (Atoms - Molecules - Macromolecule - Cells)
Responsiveness The ability to react toward (positive) or away from (negative) a stimulus
Reproduction The ability to make more of oneself
Adaptation alterations in genetic code allow phenotypic changes
Growth Growth due to genetics
Homeostasis The ability to maintain internal conditions despite environment
Metabolism The ability to use and obtain energy
What is Cell Theory? 1. Cell is most basic unit of life 2. All living organisms made of cells 3. All new cells arise from pre-existing cells
Prokaryote (pro = before) - Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus - only 1 DNA based chromosome - unicellular
Eukaryote (Eu = true, karyon = nucleus) - contains membrase-enclosed nucleus - nucleus houses DNA - cells contains several internal organelles
Atom smallest unit of matter that retains element properties
Molecule chemical structure that's made up of 2+ atoms bonded together by 1+ chemical bonds
Macromolecules large and many molecules formed by polymerization
Organelles within cells and surrounded by membrane
Cell most fundametal unit of life
Are Viruses considered living? No, because they contain no cells
Phylogenetic Tree of Life coined by Carl Woese and demonstrates the separation of Bacteria, Archaea--both prokaryotes---, and Eukarya (humans devolved from)
Mitochondria organelle within Eukaryote that produces ATP and is main source of energy for all cells
Chloroplasts organelle within Eukaryote for photosynthesis
Endosymbiont Theory 1. Internal membranes -> archaeal prokaryotes fold plasma membrane inward 2. mitochondria -> independent ATP-manufacturing bacterial cell 3. Chloroplast -> photosynthetic cyanobacterium 4. Bacterial cell -> eukaryotic cell -> endosymbiosis -> organisms
How did life emerge? molten - surface cooled over 500my - atmosphere of volcanic gases (H2O, CH4, CO2, NH3) - cell 4 bya - water - O 2.6 bya
What is the great oxidation event? when O emerged 2.6 bya and cyanobacteria formed O through photosynthesis, O increased, misplacing the methane and 2 bya sky turns blue and methane clears
Why is the production of Oxygen important? Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than anaerobic and O2 allows organisms to grow larger and possibly move into land as O2 makes an ozone layer to protect from UV rays
Created by: user-1985217
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