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Chapter 3 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means |
| element | a substance made up of atoms that have the same number of protons |
| valence electron | electrons in the outermost level or shell |
| compound | a substance made of the bonded atoms of two or more different elements |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| ion | an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost electrons |
| cohesion | the attraction of particles of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between particles of different substances |
| solution | a mixture in which ions or molecules of one or more subbstances are evenly disturbed in another substance |
| acid | compounds that form extra hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| base | compounds that form extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| pH | a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| buffer | a substance that reacts to prevent pH changes in a solution |
| carbohydrate | molecules made of sugars |
| lipid | another class of biomolecules which includes fats phospholipids steriods and waxes |
| protein | a large molecule made up of amino acids |
| amino acid | building blocks that link to form proteins |
| nucleic acid | a long chain of nucleotide units |
| nucleotide | a molecule made up of three parts: sugar, a base, and a phosphate group |
| DNA | nucleotides of deoxyribonucleic acid, contains sugar deoxyribose |
| RNA | nucleotides of ribonucleic acids, contain sugar ribose |
| ATP | cells need a steady supply of adenosine triphosphate |
| energy | the ability to move or change matter |
| reactant | a substance that is changed in a chemical reaction |
| product | a new substance that is formed |
| activation energy | the minimum kinetic energy that colliding particles need to start a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | a molecule that increases the speed of biochemical reactions |
| active site | the region where the reaction takes place |
| substrate | the shape of the active site determines which reactants will bind to it |