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Cell, Energy,& Virus
REVIEW for Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | Process that converts RADIANT energy into CHEMICAL energy. |
| Cellular Respiration | Process that converts CHEMICAL energy to CHEMICAL energy |
| Glucose | Chemical energy, product of photosynthesis, also known as SUGAR |
| ATP | Chemical ENERGY, product of cellular respiration |
| Reactants | elements or compounds that we START with to create products |
| Products | elements or compounds that are MADE/ created from reactants |
| Mitochondria | organelle found in eukaryotes that uses glucose to make ATP energy |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in autotrophic eukaryotes (Plants/some Protist) that makes glucose |
| Products of photosynthesis/Reactants of cellular respiration | oxygen and glucose (sugar) |
| Products of cellular respiration/Reactants of photosynthesis | carbon dioxide and water (ATP is also made but is not a reactant of photosynthesis) |
| Non-membrane bound organelles | have NO membrane, Ex. Ribosomes, in BOTH PRO and EUK |
| Membrane- bound organelles | have a membrane, Ex: nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuole, EUK ONLY |
| Prokaryotic cells | Small, simple, always unicellular, loop DNA, Pili, Plasmid, NO Nucleus and NO membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryotic cells | Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, and linear DNA/chromosomes. Can be unicellular or multicellular. |
| Flagella | tail-like structure that helps cells move around, can be present on BOTH PRO and EUK |
| Cilia | hair-like structure that helps cells move around, can be present on EUK only |
| Cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer) | maintains homeostasis by allowing molecules in and out of the cell (semipermeable), in BOTH PRO and EUK |
| Cell wall | Provides extra protection and support, Can be found in BOTH:-PRO: some bacteria -EUK: plants and some protists |
| Cytoplasm | Gel like material where reactions occur, in BOTH PRO and EUK |
| Ribosome | Where proteins are made, the only non-membrane bound organelle, in BOTH PRO and EUK |
| Nucleus | hold the DNA (genetic material/nucleic acid), EUK cells ONLY |
| Vacuole | store water and some waste, larger in plants, EUK cells ONLY |
| Virus | Non-living particle that infects other organisms and causes illness (pathogen) |
| Host cell | Viruses need this to reproduce; they use cell machinery (ribosomes) to produce more viral particles |
| Capsid | Made of a protein coat to protect genetic material |
| Projections, Protein spikes, Tail fibers | used by viruses to attach to host cell, SPECIFIC to type of cell they infect |
| Lipid envelope | Protect virus and allows it to easily enter host cell membrane |
| Nucleic acid (genetic material) | DNA or RNA, can be found in BOTH viruses and cells |
| Transmission | how viruses spread. Examples include airborne, direct/indirect contact, and vectors (bug bites - ticks, mosquitos) |
| Pili | Aids in sharing genetic info, look similar to cilia but PRO ONLY |
| Lytic cycle | type of viral reproduction, occurs quickly, host cell lyses (burst) |
| Lysogenic cycle | type of viral reproduction, lays dormant for months/years, triggered to go into lytic cycle by stress, heat, etc. and cell lyses |
Created by:
Mrs.Finning
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