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AP Bio: Unit 2

Cell Structure

TermDefinition
Ribosome Ribosomes synthesize proteins according to messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. *NOT membrane bound* + All cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Mechanical support for cell shape and aids in intracellular transport. 1) Rough ER: Ribosomes attached, protein synthesis, compartmentalizes cell. 2) Smooth ER: Detoxifies, makes lipids. *Membrane-bound* + All Eukaryotes.
Golgi Complex (Golgi body/apparatus) 1) Correctly folding and chemically modifying newly synthesized cellular products 2) Packaging proteins for trafficking *Membrane bound* + All Eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi & protists)
Mitochondria A double membrane that provides compartments for different metabolic reactions involved in aerobic cellular respiration. 1) Outer membrane = smooth; Inner = folded for efficient ATP synthesis *Double membrane* + All Eukaryotes.
Lysosomes Membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest material. Lysosomes also play a role in programmed cell death (apoptosis) Animals: lysosomes Plants: vacuoles (similar function) Fungi: lysosomes *Membrane-bound* + all eukaryotes.
Plants: large vacuole stores water/nutrients, keeps turgor pressure. Animals: smaller, more numerous, store materials. *Membrane-bound* + ALL cells
Nuclear Envelope Seperates the nuclear contents (DNA, RNA, and nucleoplasm) from the cytosol, ensuring the integrity of genome *Membrane bound w/ double membrane* + All Eukaryotes (plants, animals, fungi, and protists)
Chloroplasts The location for photosynthesis *Membrane bound w/ a double membrane) + Eukaryotes (plants AND Algae)
Cell Wall A structural boundary as well as a permeability barrier for some substances to the internal or external cellular environments and protection from osmotic lysis *NOT membrane bound* + Prokaryotes (bacteria AND archaea) + Eukaryotes (fungi AND plants)
Plasma Membrane Plasma membranes separate the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. Selective permeability is the result of the plasma membrane having a hydrophobic interior. *Membrane in itself* + All cells
Created by: chianti
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