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AP Bio Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ribosome | Ribosomes synthesize proteins according to messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. *not membrane bound |
| Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | provides mechanical support by helping cells maintain shape and plays a role in intracellular transport. Is associated with membrane bound ribosomes, allows for the compartmentalization of cells, and helps carry out protein synthesis. *membrane bound |
| Golgi complex | i. Correctly folding and chemically modifying newly synthesized cellular products ii. Packaging proteins for trafficking *membrane bound |
| Mitochondria | a double membrane that provides compartments for different metabolic reactions involved in aerobic cellular respiration. The outer membrane is smooth, while the inner membrane is highly convoluted, forming folds that enable ATP to be *membrane bound |
| Lysosomes | Membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest material. Lysosomes also play a role in programmed cell death (apoptosis) *Membrane bound |
| Vacuoles and transport vesicles | i. In plant cells, a specialized, large vacuole maintains turgor pressure through nutrient and water storage. ii. In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller in size,are more plentiful than in plant cells, and store cellular materials. *Membrane bound |
| The nuclear envelope | separates the nuclear contents (DNA, RNA, and nucleoplasm) from the cytosol, ensuring the integrity of the genome *membrane bound with a double membrane |
| Chloroplasts | the location for photosynthesis *membrane bound with a double membrane |
| Cell wall | a structural boundary as well as a permeability barrier for some substances to the internal or external cellular environments and protection from osmotic lysis *not membrane bound |
| The plasma membrane | Plasma membranes separate the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. Selective permeability is the result of the plasma membrane having a hydrophobic interior *This is a membrane. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | provides mechanical support by helping cells maintain shape and plays a role in intracellular transport. ii. Smooth ER functions include the detoxification of cells and lipid synthesis. *membrane bound |
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