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Gr. 11 Bio - Ex. Rev

Unit 1 , Genetics

TermDefinition
Chromosomes 1-22 Autosome
X and Y Sex chromosomes
Body cells Somatic
Sex cells Gamete
I copy of each gene (N) found in gamete cells Haploid
2 copies of each gene (2N) found in gamete cells Diploid
Stretched out DNA (found in interphase) chromatin
One copy (half) of a chromosome Chromatid
Made of 2 sister chromatids + a centromere Chromosome
Same size + genetic content (homologous) sister chromatid
Connective center of a chromosome Centromere
Either end of a cell during division Poles
Middle of a cell during division Equator
Attached to the poles, pulls chromatids away during division Spindle Fibres
Cell division in BODY cells Mitosis
Cell division in SEX cells Meiosis
two homologous chromosomes lining up on top of each other during meiosis Tetrad
Portions of chromatids switching spots in tetrads - occurs during meiosis Crossing over
Same size + genetic content (sister) Homologous
Recreation of organelles during telophase Cytokenisis
Normal cell function at this stage - cell prepares for division Interphase
When chromatids don't separate properly, occurring in anaphase 1 - causes disorders such as down syndrome nondisjunction
A characteristic controlled by genetics Trait
A section of DNA (codes for a trait) Gene
Versions of genes (eg, eye colour) Alleles
Combination of alleles represented by letters Genotypes
Physical representation of genotypes Phenotypes
The same alleles (TT or tt) Homozygous / pure
Different alleles (Tt) Heterozygous / hybrid
trait represented by a capital letter Dominant trait
Trait represented by a lowercase letter Recessive trait
Used the find the probability of genotypes Punnett's square
Problem involving inheritance of 1 trait Monohybrid
Problem involving the inheritance of 2 traits Dihybrid
Gene carried on the X chromosome ( Y cannot hold genes) Sex linked
When 2 alleles are both dominant Co-Dominant
Trait has 2+ alleles Multiple Alleles
What blood type is the universal donor? O
What blood type is the universal acceptor? AB
What blood type can blood type A receive A, AB, or O
What blood type can blood type A donate to A and AB
What blood type can blood type B receive B, AB, or O
What blood type can blood type B donate to? B and AB
What blood type can blood type AB recieve Any
What blood type can blood type AB donate to? AB
What blood type can blood type O receive O
What blood type can blood type O donate to? Any
Created by: mollymurphy
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