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Genes

PART B

QuestionAnswer
What are chromosomes? In the nucleus made of DNA that carry genes
What is chromatin? Thread-like form of DNA found in the nucleus
What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide? Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate Group, Nitrogenous Base
What are nitrogenous bases? ATCG(Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine)
What is a codon? Three DNA bases that codes with amino acid
What is a nucleotide? The basic unit of DNA made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
What are amino acids and what do they form? Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins; they link together to form proteins.
What is a gene? A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)? A genetic disorder where the body can’t break down the amino acid phenylalanine.
What is Down Syndrome caused by? An extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21).
What causes Huntington Disease? A genetic mutation that causes the breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.
What is a transgenic organism? An organism that contains genes from another species.
What is genetic engineering? Direct manipulation of an organism’s DNA to change its traits.
What is a mutation? A change in the DNA sequence.
What are mutagens? Agents that cause mutations (e.g., radiation, chemicals, viruses).
What is cloning? Creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell.
Created by: nanditasharma
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