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Genes

Part B

TermDefinition
Chromosomes Tiny thread-like structures inside cells that carry the instructions (DNA) for how living things grow and work.
Chromatin Soft, stringy stuff inside the nucleus that holds DNA and helps it fit in the cell.
3 Parts of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): Nucleotide, Phosphate and Deoxyribose or sugar
Nitrogenous Bases Adrenine (A), Thumine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G). (AT always together and GC always together).
Codon A 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the bases make up a certain amino acid (there are 20 amino acids). Ex: AT, CG...
Nucleotide Building block of the DNA
Amino Acids/Proteins Are small molecules that link together like beads on a string to form proteins, which helps the body do specific tasks.
Gene A segment of a DNA strand with a certain trait of an individual.
Phenylketonuria A rare disorder in which the body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid called phenylamine. May cause brain damage. Doctors test a baby's blood to see if they have it.
Down Syndrome Genetic disease which occurs when you have an extra chromosome for pair 21.
Huntington Disease A disease that affects neve cells so that a person loses muscle control. Ex: actor shaking hands all the time. If 1 parent has the disease you have a 50% chance of getting it.
Parkinson's Disease Brain disorder that affects movement.
Transgenic Organism Any organisms that have genes from another species inserted into their DNA.
Genetic Engineering The process of changing an organism's DNA to give it new traits or abilities.
Mutations Changes in an organism's DNA that can happen naturally. They can affect how the organism looks or works. Occurs when the codon sequence switches up, and is called abnormality.
Mutagens Radiation that causes genes to mutate.
Cloning Creating identical genetical copies of an organism. It occurs in plants naturally: Cuttings of a plant can grow a new plant when you root them. Ex: In 1996, Dolly the sheep was the 1st mammal to be cloned.
DNA A molecule that carries the genetic instructions for how an organism grows, looks, and works.
Cloning Steps 1) Remove nucleus 2) Cell removed, chemical bath with unfertilized egg in 3) Fused by a jolt of electricity (both) 4) Fused cells divide, form an embryo. 5) The embryo is implanted into a surrogate.
Created by: mikhailp34
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