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1-5: Photosynthesis
photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| light energy | Energy from the sun that plants use to power photosynthesis. |
| chemical energy | Energy stored in the bonds of molecules, like the energy in food that our bodies use. |
| inputs | The materials or substances that go into a process, like carbon dioxide and water in photosynthesis. |
| outputs | The materials or substances that come out of a process, like sugar and oxygen in photosynthesis. |
| matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space, including solids, liquids, and gases. |
| transformation | The process of changing one form of matter or energy into another, like light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis. |
| energy | The ability to do work or cause change, found in different forms like light, chemical, and heat. |
| chloroplast | Organelle of plant and algae cells that use sunlight to make food through photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll. |
| chlorophyll | A green pigment in plants that captures sunlight, allowing plants to make food during photosynthesis. |
| epidermis cells | outer layer of leaf, no chloroplasts, guard cells found on underside of leaf |
| guard cells | surround each stomate, open and close the stomate based upon water availability |
| mesophyll cells | contains chloroplasts and performs photosynthesis, lower layers are spread out to allow gas exchange |
| vein | transports water from the roots and sugar (sap) to the rest of the plant |
| stomate | pores that allow water vapor to exit and carbon dioxide/oxygen to enter |
| bonds | Connections between atoms in a molecule. These bonds store energy that can be released during chemical reactions. |
| photosynthesis | The process by which plants use sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water, producing oxygen as a byproduct. |
| carbon dioxide | A gas that plants take in from the air to use in photosynthesis. |
| water | A liquid that plants absorb from the soil to use in photosynthesis. |
| sugar | A type of molecule produced by plants during photosynthesis, which they use for energy and growth. |
| oxygen | A gas produced by plants during photosynthesis that is released into the air. |
| ATP | A molecule that carries energy within cells. It is often called the "energy currency" of the cell because it provides the energy needed for many cellular processes. |