click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Intro to Genetics
CH 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| trait | specific characteristics of an individual |
| hybrid | offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| Gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from a parent to offspring |
| allele | one of a number of different forms of a gene |
| principle of dominance | Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| gamete | sex cell |
| homozygous | having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene |
| heterozygous | having 2 different alleles for a particular gene |
| phenotype | physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism |
| Punnett square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetics cross |
| Independent assortment | one of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation pf gametes |
| incomplete dominance | situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele |
| codominance | situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed |
| polygenetic trait | trait controlled by 2 or more genes |
| pedigree | chart that shows the presence or absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations |
| sex linked gene | a gene located on sex chromosome |
| karyotype | micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size. |
| nondisjunction | error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly |