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BIO 231 Lab 1
Anterior and posterior landmarks, microscope, and cell structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abdominal | Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs |
| Acromial | Pertaining to the point of the shoulder |
| Antebrachial | Pertaining to the forearm |
| Antecubital | Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow |
| Axillary | Pertaining to the armpit |
| Brachial | Pertaining to the arm |
| Buccal | Pertaining to the cheek |
| Carpal | Pertaining to the wrist |
| Cervical | Pertaining to the neck region |
| Coxal | Pertaining to the hip |
| Crural | Pertaining to the leg |
| Digital | Pertaining to the fingers or toes |
| Femoral | Pertaining to the thigh |
| Fibular (Peroneal) | Pertaining to the side of the leg |
| Frontal | Pertaining to the forehead |
| Hallux | Pertaining to the great toe |
| Inguinal | Pertaining to the groin |
| Mammary | Pertaining to the breast |
| Mental | Pertaining to the chin |
| Nasal | Pertaining to the nose |
| Oral | Pertaining to the mouth |
| Orbital | Pertaining to the bony eye socket |
| Palmar | Pertaining to the palm of the hand |
| Patellar | Pertaining the the anterior kneecap region |
| Pedal | Pertaining to the foot |
| Pelvic | Pertaining to the pelvis region |
| Pollex | Pertaining to the thumb |
| Pubic | Pertaining to the genital region |
| Sternal | Pertaining to the region of the breastbone |
| Tarsal | Pertaining to the ankle |
| Thoracic | Pertaining to the chest |
| Umbilical | Pertaining to the navel |
| Calcaneal | Pertaining to the heel of the foot |
| Cephalic | Pertaining to the head |
| Dorsum | Pertaining to the back |
| Femoral | Pertaining to the thigh |
| Gluteal | Pertaining to the buttocks or rump |
| Lumbar | Pertaining to the ribs and the hips; the loin |
| Manus | Pertaining to the hand |
| Occipital | Posterior aspect of the head or base of the skull |
| Olecranal | Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the elbow |
| Otic | Pertaining to the ear |
| Perineal | Pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia |
| Plantar | Pertaining to the sole of the foot |
| Popliteal | Pertaining to the back of the knee |
| Sacral | Pertaining to the region between the hips (overlying the sacrum) |
| Scapular | Pertaining to the scapula or shoulder blade area |
| Sural | Pertaining to the calf or posterior side of the leg |
| Vertebral | Pertaining to the area of the spinal column |
| Superior/Inferior | Above/Below -along the axis of the body |
| Anterior | Front |
| Posterior | Back |
| Cephalad (Cranial) | Toward the head |
| Cadual | Toward the tail |
| Medial | Toward the midline |
| Lateral | Away from the midline |
| Dorsal | Back side |
| Ventral | Belly side |
| Proximal | Near the trunk or attached end |
| Distal | Away from the trunk or attached end |
| Superficial | Toward or at the body surface |
| Deep | Away from the body surface |
| Frontal plane | Divides posterior from the anterior |
| Midsagittal Plane | Divides the body into left and right parts down the midline (creates symmetry) |
| Transverse Plane | Horizontal division of the body (cross sections) |
| Human anatomical position | Standing, feet slightly apart, head and toes forward, arms down, palms forward. |
| Base (microscope) | Supports the microscope |
| Substage light mirror | located in the base; provides light |
| Stage | Place where the specimen is viewed |
| Condenser | Small substage lens that concentrates light on the specimen |
| Iris diaphragm lever | Arm attached to the base of hte condenser that regulates the amount of light passing through the condenser. |
| Coarse adjustment knob | used to focus on the specimen |
| Fine adjustment knob | used after coarse knob for precise focusing |
| Head (Body tube) of microscope | Supports the objective lens system and ocular lenses |
| Arm (microscope) | Vertyical portion of microscope connecting the base and head |
| Ocular (microscope) | Eyepiece -Magnification of 10x |
| Nosepiece | Rotating mechanism at the base of the head that holds the objective lenses |
| Objective lenses | have differing levels of magnification |
| Nuclear envelope | double layered porous membrane that binds the nucleus (pores allow for transport of protein and RNA) |
| Nucleus | houses the DNA |
| Chromatin | Genetic material; DNA |
| Nucleolus | makes ribosomes; at the center of the nucleus |
| Plasma membrane | Separates cell contents from the environment (Phospholipid bilayer and proteins) |
| Phospholipid bilayer | made of 2 rows of lipids -polar (hydrophyllic) heads -nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | -studded with ribosomes -store and transport proteins produced by ribosomes -synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol |
| Transmembrane proteins | passages of communication; used for transport and signals |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | -steroid and lipid synthesis - lipid metabolism -drug detoxification |
| Ribosomes | -composed of RNA and protein -sites of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS |
| Golgi apparatus | houses and packages cell products |
| Vesicles | Secretory packages released by golgi apparatus (exocytosis) |
| Peroxisome | vesicle that holds and digests liquids |
| Cytoskeletal Elements | - Cell support; shape and structure - microfilament, microtubule, intermediate filaments |
| Microfilament | Used for cell mobility |
| Microtubule | Used for cell shape |
| Intermediate filaments | Fix the insides of cell in place |
| Microvilli | Add surface area and movement |
| Centrioles | Paired, cylindrical bodies; make mitotic spindle |
| Mitochondria | - "powerhouse" of the cell - makes ATP (cellular respiration) |
| Lysosome | holds cell materials in need of disposal |
| Cytosol | Intracellular fluid |
| Mitosis steps | Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokenesis |
Created by:
eewolf
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