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A flower is not ideally matched with a pollinator that visits it daily. Why might that be?
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A food web is a better representation of a community than a food chain because most interactions among organisms are what?
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Ecology Exam 12/12
Ecology exam questions for chapters 8-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A flower is not ideally matched with a pollinator that visits it daily. Why might that be? | The flower has several other pollinators with differing traits. |
| A food web is a better representation of a community than a food chain because most interactions among organisms are what? | are diffuse across a range of contexts |
| A realized niche can be larger than a fundamental niche when? | when a commensal species expands another's niche space. |
| A remora feeds on the scraps that escape from a shark's mouth while feeding. It has no clear positive or negative impact on the shark. This is an example of what? | commensalism |
| A species of cattail inhabits both deep and shallow water in the absence of a competitor but only shallow water in the presence of it. This is an example of what? | a realized niche |
| Adaptive radiation is often the result of what? | resource competition |
| An ecological niche is typically ________ dimension/s. | an unspecified number of |
| An invasive bullfrog consumes a Taricha newt and dies immediately. What can you say about the toxin? | It is toxic to general vertebrate predators |
| As predators feed on prey, prey abundances decrease over time. This is predicted to result in a(n) what? | decrease in predator abundance |
| As the population of a predator increases, the ________ | population of the prey species decreases |
| As two competing species approach their respective carrying capacities, the growth rate of the other species does what? | slows down |
| Hummingbirds are attracted to red flowers with long tubes. What might you predict would happen to flowers if hummingbirds become the predominant species on a remote island? | Flowers would become gradually more red |
| In an area with high soil nutrient availability, mycorrhizal fungi are what? | parasitic |
| In comparison to desert habitats, urban landscapes on average have a ______ number of bird species? | lower |
| In most plant-pollinator interactions, plants species are pollinated by _______ | multiple animal species, and each animal species pollinates multiple plant species |
| Mycorrhizal fungi have a mutually beneficial relationship with plants in environments with soils that are/have what? | are low in nutrients |
| On a dare, a student challenges another student to lick a California newt (Taricha torosa). From which population of newts should the student grab an individual to reduce his or her risk of a toxic dose? | from a population with no garter snakes |
| Owl species A has a carrying capacity of 2000, while another owl species B has a carrying capacity of 200. What is the logical conclusion of this? | Species B uses more resources per individual |
| The carrying capacity for species 1 is 1000 and for its competitor, species 2, it is 500. What is the maximum abundance of species 1 if 250 of species 2 coexists with it? | 500 |
| The concept of the niche was initially developed by who? | Grinnell |
| The globeflower can host _______ | at least six coexisting species |
| The length of a butterfly tongue perfectly matches the nectar tube of a flower it pollinates. This is an example of what? | coevolution |
| The neurotoxin that Taricha spp. possess to ward off predators is what? | tetrodotoxin |
| The process whereby one species gives rise to several others that exploit different features of the environment is known as what? | adaptive radiation |
| The red line in the figure (the furthest to the right) represents what? (the graph has resistance on the y axis and TTX does on the X axis) | highly resistant garter snake population |
| 2 species of cattail live in water along shoreline of ponds. agustifolia can live in water 0-20 cm deep, but in presence of latifolia, only in water > 20 cm deep; T. latifolia in shallower water. T. agustifolia is limited by competition exploiting its | realized niche |
| Urbanization impacts what? | most species negatively, but a few positively |
| What does the following formula represent? dN1/dt = r1N1(1 - (N1 + N2)/K1) | population growth of species 1 in presence of species 2 |
| What is the difference between a parasite and a parasitoid? | A parasitoid typically always kill its host |
| What might happen over time if two bird species competed for the same seed resource and one preferred larger seeds while the other species preferred smaller ones? | Beak sizes might shift over time |
| When a species of bird preys upon the seeds of a plant and favors the smallest seeds, what happens? | natural selection favors individual plants that produce the largest seeds |
| When the relationship between two interacting species is detrimental to the populations of both species, the interaction is referred to as ____ | competition |
| When trunk or limb of tree provides the substrate on which an epiphytic orchid grows, the arrangement benefits the orchid, which gets nutrients from the air & moisture from aerial roots, while tree is unaffected. The relationship is referred to as ____ | commensalism |
| Which of the following has the strongest impact on species 1 population size? N2 = | 750 |
| Which of the following interactions would be considered predation? a. - 0 b. - - c. + 0 d. + - | d. + - |
| _____ occurs when two species undergo reciprocal evolutionary change through natural selection | coevolution |
| The ____ niche is the portion of a fundamental niche in which species can exploit as a result of interactions with other species. | realized |
| The process in which a network of species undergoes reciprocal evolutionary change through natural selection is referred to as ____ | diffuse coevolution |
| The range of physical and chemical conditions under which each species can persist (survive and reproduce) and the array of essential resources it utilizes are referred to as its ecological _____ | niche |
| Under certain condition, ____ fungi live in the roots of many species of plants and have a mutually beneficial relationship with plants. | mycorrhizal |
| When each of two species benefits from their interaction, the relationship is referred to as _____ | mutualism |
| When individuals of two species interact, the nature of the interaction can be classified qualitatively as positive, negative, or ____ | neutral |
| When one species feeds on another prey species, typically killing it, the relationship between the two interacting species is referred to as _____ | predation |
| When one species reduces or adversely affects the population of another, but the affected species has no influence in return, the relationship is referred to as a ______ | amensalism |
| When the interaction is detrimental to the population of both species (-,-) it is referred to as _______ | competition |
| T/F: Adaptive radiation can result from divergent adaptations to avoid predators. | True |
| T/F: An organism's realized niche is always smaller than its fundamental niche. | False |
| T/F: In a parasitic relationship between two species, the host species usually dies. | False |
| T/F: Most interspecific interactions are exclusive, involving only two species. | False |
| T/F: Parasitoidism is a form of mutualism. | False |
| T/F: Predation always has a negative effect on the individual prey. | True |
| T/F: Species having wide geographic distributions generally encounter a broader range of physical environmental conditions than species whose distribution is more restricted. | True |
| T/F: The interaction between two species usually influences all individuals within the respective populations equally. | False |
| T/F: The relationship between nectar-producing flowers and nectar-feeding birds is a mutually beneficial interaction. | True |
| T/F: When the population size of a prey species increases, the birthrate of a predator species should also increase. | True |
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phebe
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