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Microevolution

TermDefinition
Speciation Formation of a new species thru Geographical Isolation and Gene Flow
Microevolution Shifts in genetic make up of a population
Gene pool A collection of alleles in a population
Isolating mechanism Anything that prevents gene flow between 2 populations
Genetic drift The change in allele frequency due to random chance
Bottleneck Effect A random event killing a portion of the population, reducing genetic variation Type of genetic drift
Founder Effect The reduction in gene variability that occurs when a small group of individuals becomes separated from a larger population Type of genetic drift
Macroevolution Persistent morphological changes over long periods of time
Immigration Movement of alleles into a population Type of gene flow
Emigration Movement of alleles out of a population Type of gene flow
Coevolution Effect of organisms on one another can be positive or negative drives changes in a population over time
Convergent Species exposed to the same environmental pressure tend to develop the same adaptations , even though NOT from common ancestry
Divergent Species that share a common ancestor are exposed to different environmental pressures, resulting in different adaptations
Adaptive radiation Many diverse species evolve from a single common ancestor
Allopatric speciation Populations separated by a geographic barrier Random mutations and different selective pressures may lead to speciation
Sympatric speciation Reproductively isolated subpopulation in parents population (change in niche) No Geographical isolation
Ring species show gradual... divergence
Isolating mechanisms prevent... gene flow
Prezygotic Isolation no zygote forms
Temporal mate at different times
Behavioral potential mates meet but courtship behavior is wrong
Mechanical gametes cannot be transferred due to morphological differences
Gamete morality sperm cannot fertilize egg to form zygote
Ecological isolation potential mates live in different habitats
Postzygotic zygote forms but offspring don't reproduce
Zygote morality zygote forms but dies early in development
Hybrid inviability hybrid born but too weak to survive and reproduce
Hybrid sterility hybrid cannot reproduce because they're sterile
Created by: 9002457
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