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RNA and Retro Viruse
| Name | Characteristics | Clinical Significance | Transmission | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coronaviruses | enveloped, pleomorphic, +ss RNA | common cold, SARS, SARS-CoV2 | close contact, respiratory droplets | Vaccines for SARS-CoV2 |
| Enteroviruses | nonenveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA | polio, CNS-flaccid paralysis, poliomyelitis | fecal-oral route | Vaccine |
| Rhinoviruses | nonenveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA | common cold, upper respiratory infection | respiratory droplets, hand to hand contact | |
| Hepatovirus | nonenveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA | Hepatitis A, acute hepatitis, rare chronic hepatitis | fecal-oral route | Vaccine |
| Norovirus/Calciviruses | nonenveloped, spherical, +ss RNA | epidemic acute gastroenteritis | fecal-oral route | |
| Alphavirus | enveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA | acute arthropathy, acute encephalitis | arthropods | |
| Rubivirus | enveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA | Rubella/German measles, damage to fetus in 1st trimester | respiratory droplets | Vaccine |
| Flavivirus | enveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA | Dengue fever (hemorrhagic fever), West Nile fever (encephalitis), Zika (microcephaly) | arthropods | |
| Hepatitis C | enveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA | 90% non-A/B hepatitis, hepatocarcinoma | IV drug users, hemodialysis patients, tattoos | |
| HIV | enveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA retrovirus | binds to CD4 and CCR5 on T cells, AIDS, susceptibility to opportunistic diseases, malignancies, dementia | sexual contact, transfusions, needles, perinatal | Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors |
| Human T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses | enveloped, icosahedral, +ss RNA retrovirus | Type 1 associated with disease, adult T cell leukemia, myelopathy | transplacental, breast milk, semen, contaminated blood products |