click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
1141 Terminology
Anatomical Terminology, Anatomical Regional Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Gross Anatomy | Study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye. |
Dissection | Removal of connective tissue from between body organs so that they can be seen more clearly |
Physiology | The study of body function |
Morphology | Science of form; another term for anatomy. |
Anatomy | The study of structure of the human body. |
Regional Anatomy | The study of all structures in a single body region, such as the abdomen or the head. |
Systemic Anatomy | The study of organs with related functions, such as the muscular system. |
Surface Anatomy | The study of shapes and markings (landmarks) on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs. |
Microscopic Anatomy | The study of structures that are so small they can be seen only with a microscope. |
Histology | "tissue study" |
Developmental Anatomy | The study of structural changes that occur in the body during the lifespan. |
Embryology | The study of how body structures develop and form before birth. |
Pathological Anatomy | The study of structural changes in cells, tissues and organs caused by disease. |
Radiographic Anatomy | The study of internal body structures by means of X-ray studies and other imaging techniques. |
Functional Morphology | The study of the functional properties of body structures and efficiency of design. |
Anatomical Position | Erect, feet together and eyes forward. Palms face forward with the thumbs pointed away from the body. |
Axial Region | head, neck and trunk |
Appendicular Region | Extremities or appendages |
Superior/Inferior Cranial/Caudal | Toward the head/Away from the head |
Anterior/Posterior Ventral/Dorsal | Toward the front of the body/Toward the back of the body |
Medial/Lateral | Toward or at the midline of the body/Away from the midline of the body, on the outer side of |
Proximal/Distal | Closer to the point of attachment for a limb/Farther from the point of attachment for a limb |
Superficial/Deep External/Internal | Toward or at the body surface/Away from the body surface, internal |
Ipsilateral/Contralateral | On the same side/On opposite sides |
Frontal (Coronal) Plane | Vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. |
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane | Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections. Also called a cross-section. |
Sagittal Plane | Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. |
Median or Midsagittal Plane | The specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline of the body. |
Parasagittal Plane | Sagittal plane that is offset from the midline of the body. |
Oblique Section | Diagonal cuts made along any plane. |
The Human Body Plan | 1. Tube-within-a-tube body plan 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. Dorsal hollow nerve cord 4. Notochord and vertebrae 5. Segmentation 6. Pharyngeal pouches |
Dorsal Body Cavity | Posterior. Includes Cranial and Vertebral Cavities. |
Cranial Cavity | Lies in the skull, contains the brain. |
Vertebral Cavity | Runs through the vertebral column to enclose the spinal cord. |
Ventral Body Cavity | Anterior. Contains the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities. |
Viscera/Visceral Organs | Organs contained in the Ventral Body Cavity, such as heart, lungs, intestines, kidneys. |
Thoracic Cavity | Above the diaphragm. Includes Right Pleural Cavity, Left Pleural Cavity and Mediastinum. |
Abdominopelvic Cavity | Below the diaphragm. Includes Abdominal Cavity and Pelvic Cavity. |
Pleural Cavity | Cavity that contains the lung. |
Mediastinum | "In the Middle" of the Thoracic Cavity, contains the heart and other major thoracic organs such as the esophagus and trachea. |
Pericardial Cavity | Cavity that contains the heart. |
Abdominal Cavity | Cavity that contains the liver, stomach, kidneys and other organs. |
Pelvic Cavity | Below the abdominal cavity, contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs and the rectum. |
Peritoneal Cavity | Cavity that surrounds some organs in the abdomen, such as the liver, stomach and intestines. |
Retroperitoneal Cavity | "Behind" the peritoneal cavity, contains the kidneys, spleen, pancreas. |
Serous Membrane/Serosa | Membrane that either lines the walls of a cavity (Parietal) or surrounds an organ (Visceral) |
Serous Cavity | The space between the parietal and visceral serous membranes. Contains serous fluid. |
Parietal Pleura | Serous membrane that lines the outer wall of the pleural cavities. |
Visceral Pleura | Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs. |
Parietal Pericardium | Serous membrane that lines the pericardial cavity. |
Visceral Pericardium | Serous membrane that surrounds the heart. |
Parietal Peritoneum | Serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity. |
Visceral Peritoneum | Serous membrane that surrounds the viscera of the abdominal cavity. |
4 classes of macromolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
Organ Systems | Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Lymphatic, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive |
Average height of an adult in meters | 1.5 - 2.0 meters |
1 kg = ? lb | 2.2 lb |
Abdominal Quadrants | Right Upper Quadrant (gallbladder, liver) Left Upper Quadrant (stomach) Right Lower Quadrant (ascending colon, appendix) Left Lower Quadrant (descending colon) |
Abdominal Regions | Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac Right Lumbar, Umbilical, Left Lumbar Right Iliac (Inguinal), Hypogastric (Pubic), Left Iliac (Inguinal) |
Nose | Nasal |
Mouth | Oral |
Forehead | Frontal |
Eye | Orbital |
Cheek | Buccal |
Chin | Mental |
Neck | Cervical |
Shoulder | Acromial |
Breastbone | Sternal |
Armpit | Axillary |
Chest | Thoracic |
Abdomen | Abdominal |
Breast | Mammary |
Arm | Brachial |
Front of Elbow (Anterior Elbow) | Antecubital |
Forearm | Antebrachial |
Navel | Umbilical |
Pelvis | Pelvic |
Wrist | Carpal |
Thumb | Pollex |
Palm | Palmar |
Hip | Coxal |
Groin | Inguinal |
Fingers | Digital |
Genital Region | Pubic |
Thigh | Femoral |
Side of leg | Fibular or Peroneal |
Anterior Knee | Patellar |
Leg (below knee) | Crural |
Foot | Pedal |
Ankle | Tarsal |
Toes | Digital |
Great Toe | Hallux |
Ear | Otic |
Head | Cephalic |
Base of skull | Occipital |
Spinal Column | Vertebral |
Shoulder Blade | Scapular |
Back | Dorsum or Dorsal |
Back of Elbow | Olecranal |
Loin (Lower back) | Lumbar |
Between hips | Sacral |
Hand | Manus |
Buttock | Gluteal |
Region between the anus and external genitalia | Perineal |
Back of the knee | Popliteal |
Calf | Sural |
Heel | Calcaneal |
Sole of the foot | Plantar |
Top of the foot | Metatarsal |