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BIO_319_EXAM_2

Chapter_5

QuestionAnswer
Fat uses in the body 1. Stores energy 2. Provide energy 3. Transport nutrients 4. Building blocks - Cell membrane - Nerve fibers covered by fat sheets 5. Provide insulation
Types of Dietary fats 1. Triglycerides 2. Cholestorol 3. Phospholipids
Triglycerides 1 glycerol connected to 3 fatty acids
Fatty acid by length SCFA: <6 carbons MCFA: 6-12 carbons LCFA: > 12 carbons
Fatty acids by structure (Saturated/unsaturated) Mono: 1 = C = C bond Poly: 2 C = C Partially hydrogenated: - Process that adds hydrogen to some sort of the unfilled bonds
Is cholestorol essential? No
Is phospholipids essential? No
Total fat AMDR 20-35%
Saturated and Trans fat AMDR 7-10%
Cholesterol AMDR Not essential
Digestion of fat begins in... Lingual lipase
Digestion of fat completes in the... Small intestine
Forms __ in intestinal cells Chylomicron
___ carry dietary fats and ___ carry endogenous fats Chylomicrons Lipoproteins
VLDL LDL HDL VLDL - Provide fatty acid and glycerol to cells LDL - Interact with cell membrane receptors to deliver cholesterol into cells HDL - 40-50% of protein - Transports cholestorol from cells to liver
HIGH LDL is associated with what coronary heart disease - Arteriosclerosis - Artery walls thicken and lose elasticity - Atherosclerosis - Associated with formation of plaque
Storage of fats in the fed state 1. Insulin stimulates HSLL 2. Then chylomicron releases trygliceriders 3.
Insulin inhibits - Hormone- sensitive Lipase (HSL)
2 places to store TAG 1. Liver 2. Muscle tissue 3. Fat cells
Three forms of omega-3 - ALA - EPA - DHA
Which forms of Omega 3 have more potent effects on reducing CHD risks? - EPA - DHA
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