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The process by which water travels in a sequence from the air to Earth and returns to the atmosphere is referred to as the ________ cycle.
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A ________ tide occurs when the Moon and Sun are at right angles to the Earth.
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Ecology Exam 3/7
Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process by which water travels in a sequence from the air to Earth and returns to the atmosphere is referred to as the ________ cycle. | Water (or hydrologic) |
| A ________ tide occurs when the Moon and Sun are at right angles to the Earth. | neap |
| A scientist measures the temperature of a lake at various depths and finds very little variation between temperatures at the surface and at the bottom of the lake. The temperature measurements were most likely taken in a _______ | temperate lake during winter. |
| A solution with a pH of 3 is ______ | is more alkaline than a solution with a pH of 2 |
| About 75% of the Earth's surface is covered by what? | Water |
| An organism that lives in a deep marine environment may exhibit all the following physical characteristics, except a. large eyes. b. streamlined body. c. bioluminescence. d. colorful skin pigmentation. | d. colorful skin pigmentation. |
| Aquatic organisms are unable to tolerate low pH conditions mainly because acidic waters contain high concentrations of toxic what? | aluminum |
| Aquatic organisms generally require less structural support (e.g., skeletons) due to water's high what? | buoyancy |
| As light enters water, the last wavelengths absorbed are what color? | blue wavelengths |
| Concentrations of solutes are greatest in where? | oceans |
| Daily and seasonal fluctuations in temperature, salinity, and dissolved gases are most extreme in _______ | the estuary |
| How does an increased atmospheric CO2 concentration result in increased ocean acidity? | CO2 reacts with water to form H2CO3 |
| In a stream that flows over limestone you would predict there would be higher what? | solute concentrations |
| In comparison with the epilimnion of a lake, the water of the hypolimnion is what? | cooler |
| In panel B of the figure, what might cause the Aragonite saturation state to begin increasing? | reduction in ocean acidification |
| Molecules spontaneously move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in a process known as what? | diffusion |
| Most of Earth's water resides in where? | the oceans |
| Salinity within an estuary is greatest in _______ | deep water at low tide |
| The density of water is greatest at ______ | 4°C. |
| The depth of a thermocline is directly influenced by all the following factors, except a. wave action. b. wind speed. c. influx of water. d. input of solar radiation. | c. influx of water. |
| The energy driving the global water cycle is provided by what? | solar energy |
| The evaporation of water from internal surfaces of leaves, stems, and other living parts of a plant is called what? | transpiration |
| The individual atoms of a water molecule are held together by what? | covalent bonds |
| The primary ions that contribute to the salinity of ocean waters are what? | sodium and chloride |
| The primary sources of oxygen in a water body are the atmosphere and what? | photosynthesis |
| The purest form of water containing the fewest solutes occurs in what? | clouds |
| The streamlined body shape of many aquatic organisms that swim helps reduce frictional resistance caused by water's high what? | viscosity |
| The upper layer of warm, less dense water is referred to as the what? | epilimnion |
| Tides are strongest when _______. | Earth, Moon, and Sun are in line. |
| Water takes longer than air to warm up or cool off because of water's high _______. | specific heat |
| What might make the winter profile for oxygen concentration in winter appear more like the fall profile? | ice formation on the surface and few decomposers at the lake bottom |
| Why are fall and spring temperatures colder in deeper areas of lakes than they are in the winter? | Lake stratification causes colder water to sink in spring and fall |
| Why do mountain streams have rocky bottoms? | Steep gradients cause high velocity flows |
| You are monitoring a section of a creek that has recently been logged. What would you predict about the change in the average water temperature in that section? | It would increase |
| You are SCUBA diving in deep water and accidentally cut yourself. Your blood appears blue. Why? | Red light is filtered out at this depth. |
| You notice mayfly larvae trying to emerge from a stream being slowed down when they reach the surface. Why might this be? | Because of the surface tension of the water. |
| __________ is the source of frictional resistance to objects moving through water. | Viscosity |
| _______ solutions are those that have a higher concentration of OH- (hydroxyl ions) than H+ ions | Alkaline |
| A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a _________ | solution |
| A region of _______ occurs where deep waters of the ocean move upward to the surface. | upwelling |
| Aquatic organisms are unable to tolerate low pH conditions largely because acidic waters contain high concentrations of ______. | aluminum |
| As sunlight passes through water, only ______ wavelengths are able to penetrate into deeper water. | blue |
| In the open ocean, concentrations of oxygen reach a minimum value of 500-1000 m, a region referred to as the oxygen ______ | minimum zone |
| Small animals, such as water striders and water spiders, can run across a pond's surface due to _______ | Surface tension |
| The ________ of water is the amount of heat that is required to raise the temperature of water one degree Celsius. | Specific Heat |
| The abundance of hydrogen ions in solution is a measure of ______ | acidity |
| The area lying between the water lines of high and low tide is referred to as the ________ | intertidal zone |
| The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called ______ | diffusion |
| The physical movements of water caused by the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon are called ______ | Tides |
| The place where freshwater streams and rivers meet the sea and mix with saltwater is called a(n) ______ | estuary |
| The region of the vertical depth profile where the temperature declines most rapidly is called the ______ | thermocline |
| The solubility of oxygen _____ as water warms. | decreases |
| The total amount of evaporating water from the surfaces of the ground and vegetation is called _____ | evapotranspiration |
| The upper layer of warm, low-density water of an open body of water is called the ______ | epilimnion |
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phebe
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