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Advanced Biology

Grade 12

QuestionAnswer
Who is known as the Father of Genetics? Gregor Mendel.
What is a dominant trait? A trait that appears in every generation when at least one dominant allele is present.
What is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment? Genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.
What is a Punnett square used for? Predicting genetic inheritance patterns.
What is a homozygous genotype? Having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., TT or tt).
What is a heterozygous genotype? Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Tt).
What is the primary function of DNA? Storing and transmitting genetic information.
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA? Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
What is Chargaff’s rule? A pairs with T, and C pairs with G in DNA.
What enzyme is responsible for DNA replication? DNA polymerase.
What sugar is found in RNA? Ribose.
What base is found in RNA but not in DNA? Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T).
What are the three types of RNA? mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA).
What process copies DNA into RNA? Transcription.
What process translates mRNA into proteins? Translation.
Created by: judy.ahmedezzat
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