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Mendels law stuff

Mendel's law of inheritance and crosses, biology exam 1 p1

QuestionAnswer
Characters vs traits Characters are heritable traits while traits are variants of characters
true breeding organisms that, while self-pollinating, always produce offspring with the same traits
Self-pollinate vs cross pollinate Self-pollination occurs within the same flower, while cross pollination occurs between different flowers
Parent generation (P) Original parents in a cross
F1 generation the first filial generation (offspring) of original parents
F2 generation The second filial generation (offspring of F1 generation)
Monohybrid cross cross involving one trait, results in a 3:1 ratio in F2 generation
Dihybrid cross Cross involving two traits, results in a 9:3:3:1 ratio in F2 generation
Law of segregation Alleles separate during gamete formation (Anaphase 1); each gamete carriers only one allele per gene
Law of independent assortment alleles for different traits are inherited independently, occurs during Metaphase 1 when chromosomes randomly align
Incomplete dominance Heterozygous phenotype is a blend (e.g. red + pink = white flowers)
Codominance Both alleles are fully expressed in
Multiple alleles More than two alleles for a gene
Pleiotropic inheritance One gene affects multiple traits (e.g. Marfan syndrome)
Polygenic inheritance Multiple genes influence one single trait (e.g. skin color)
Environmental factors External factors affect traits (e.g. Hydrangea color based on soil pH)
Created by: josie_d
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