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Bio ch.14/15 vocab

Biology 126 vocab terms for chapters 14 and 15

QuestionAnswer
Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism (what two alleles represent)
Phenotype An organism's physical or physiological traits
Dominant Shown with upper case letters and the trait is fully expressed
Recessive Shown with lower case letters and the trait isn't likely to be expressed unless it is paired up with a dominant allele
Homozygous Two similar genotypes, either two upper case or two lower case letters (PP or pp)
Heterozygous Two different genotypes, one is upper case (dominant) and one is lower case (recessive) letters (Pp)
Gene locus A specific location of various alleles on a chromosome
Gene (modern) a segment of DNA that codes for a character
Gene (mendel's definition) A discrete unit of hereditary information controlling a character
Allele Alternate version of a gene
Genome A complete set of genetic material in an organism
Chromosome The structure that holds and organizes DNA
Sister chromatids Two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere
Homologous chromosomes A pair of chromosomes that have the same size, shape, and genes at the same loci, one inherited from each parent
Trait Each variant of a character (either has green eye trait or blue eye trait, but not both)
Character Heritable features (eye color, hair color, flower color)
Monohybrid An organism that has two different versions of one trait
Dihybrid An organism has two different versions of two different traits (2 color traits and 2 shape traits)
Created by: josie_d
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