click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology final
1st Semester final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polar Bond | Unequal sharing of electrons |
| Nonpolar Bond | Equal sharing of electrons |
| Hydrogen Bond | Weak bonds between polar molecules |
| Ionic Bond | Transfer of electrons forming charged ions |
| Water's Unique Properties as a Molecule | Polar, bent shape, forms hydrogen bonds |
| Water's Unique Properties in a Drop | High cohesion (sticks to itself). Adhesion (sticks to other substances). High specific heat (resists temperature changes). Ice floats (less dense than liquid water). |
| Three Parts of Cell Theory | 1.All living things are made of cells. 2.Cells are the basic unit of life. 3.All cells come from pre-existing cells. |
| Prokaryotes | Simple, no nucleus, unicellular |
| Eukaryotes | Complex, with a nucleus and organelles multicellular |
| Archaebacteria | Found in extreme environments |
| Eubacteria | Found in common environments |
| Cell Membrane | Controls entry/exit of substances |
| Nucleus | Stores DNA, and controls the cell. |
| Ribosome | Makes proteins. |
| Mitochondria | Produces energy (ATP). |
| Chloroplast | Performs photosynthesis (plants). |
| Cell Wall | Provides structure (plants, fungi, prokaryotes). |
| Lysosome | Breaks down waste. |
| Binary Fission | Asexual; one cell splits into two identical cells |
| Conjugation | Exchange of genetic material through a pilus. |
| Bacterial Shapes | Cocci: Spherical. Bacilli: Rod-shaped. Spirilla: Spiral-shaped. |
| Aerobic | Requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic | No oxygen needed |
| Viruses Characteristics | Non-living, need a host cell to replicate. |
| Viruses Lytic Cycle | Virus replicates, causing cell lysis. |
| Viruses Lysogenic Cycle | Viral DNA integrates into host DNA and remains dormant. |
| Diffusion | Molecules move from high to low concentration. |
| Active Transport | Molecules move against the gradient using ATP. |
| Passive Transport | Molecules move along the gradient without energy. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. |
| Hypertonic | Water moves out; cell shrinks. |
| Hypotonic | Water moves in; cell swells. |
| Isotonic | No net movement; cell stays the same. |
| Photosynthesis | CO2+6H2O+sunlight→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O + sunlight C_6H_O_6 + 6O_26CO2+6H2O+sunlight→C6H12O6+6O2 Occurs in chloroplasts. |