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2.01 Vocabulary
Vocab apparel and textile
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fiber | a fine hair-like structure that can be spun into yarn and made into textile products. |
| Staple | short lengths of fibers ….1 ½ to 8 inches long. |
| Filaments | longer continuous lengths, measured in yards or meters. |
| Textile | any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. Comes from the Latin word texere, which means to weave. |
| Fabric | cloth or other material produced by weaving or knitting fibers. |
| Apparel | Clothing, dress, garments or attire that people wear. |
| Natural Fiber | any hairlike raw material directly obtained from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source and convertible, after spinning into yarns can be made into woven cloth. |
| Cellulosic | made from cellulose - the fibrous substance in plant life - cotton, flax (linen) & hemp |
| Protein | come from animal sources - wool (sheep), silk (worms), angora, cashmere & mohair |
| Manufactured Fiber | man made by combining molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon into staple or filament fibers - rayon, acetate, nylon, olefin, polyester, spandex, lyocell |
| Abrasion Resistance | a worn spot that can develop when fibers rub against something. |
| Pilling | tiny balls of fiber on the fabric. |
| Absorbency | ability to take in moisture. |
| Durability | refers to how long you will be able to wear or use a particular garment or item. |
| Hand | the way a fiber, yarn, or fabric feels when handled. |
| Elasticity | the ability to increase in length when under tension (elongation) and then return to the original length when released (recovery) |
| Resiliency | able to spring or bounce back into shape after crushing or wrinkling. |
| Strength | ability to withstand tension or pulling. |
| Warmth | ability of a fiber to maintain body heat of wearer. |
| Wicking | ability to draw moisture away from the body so the moisture can evaporate. |
| Weave | the process of interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles on a loom. |
| Warp Yarns | yarns that run lengthwise (up & down) in woven fabric. |
| Weft Yarns | yarns that run crosswise in woven fabric (right to left - sound like "weft") |
| Woven Fabric | fabric formed by weaving |
| Plain Weave | The simplest weave in which the weft (crosswise) yarn is passed over then under each warp (lengthwise) yarn. |
| Twill Weave | very strong weave in which the weft yarn is passed over and under one, two or three warp yarns. This weave produces a diagonal design on the surface - denim. |
| Satin Weave | a weak weave that produces a smooth, shiny-surfaced fabric. |
| Grain | the direction of the lengthwise and crosswise yarns in a woven fabric |
| Bias | the diagonal grain of a fabric. The bias provides the greatest stretch in a woven fabric. |
| Pile | the raised surface or nap of a fabric, which is made of upright loops or strands of yarn. |
| Knit | the process of pulling loops of yarns through other loops to create interlocking rows of stitches. |
| Wales | yarns that run in the lengthwise direction, like a warp yarn in woven fabrics |
| Courses | yarns that run in the crosswise direction, like the weft yarns in woven fabrics |
| Weft Knit | a knit made with only one yarn |
| Warp Knit | a knit made with several yarns on flat knitting machines. Multiple yarns are looped together to produce a run-resistant knitted fabric. |
| Seamless Knitting | involves the production of a whole garment in one piece on a knitting machine so little to no sewing is required. |
| Nonwoven Fabrics | fabrics made from fibers not yarns. The fibers are held together by a combination of moisture, heat, chemicals and/or pressure. |
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