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Biology 1

1.1. Cell Biology Organelles

QuestionAnswerAdditional notes
Cell Membrane A semi-permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. All cells
Mitochondria The site of aerobic respiration, where energy is released for the cell to function. Eukaryotic cells only
Ribosomes Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs. All cells
Chloroplasts Found in plant cells; contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis. Plants only
Cell Wall A rigid structure made of cellulose that provides support and strength to the cell (plant cells only). Plants only
Vacuole A large, central sac in plant cells that contains cell sap to maintain turgor pressure. Plants only
Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) A network of membranes that transport proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER) in the cell.
Plasmids Small loops of DNA found in bacterial cells that provide additional genetic traits (e.g., antibiotic resistance). Bacteria only (not all and not always)
Nucleus Controls the activities of the cell and contains genetic material (DNA) in the form of chromosomes. Eukaryotic cell only
Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions happen, controlled by enzymes.
Created by: EvitaH
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