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Weather & Climate
8th Grade Science Unit 5 & 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| air mass | a body of air that has about the same temperature and humidity throughout |
| air pressure | a measure of how strongly Earth’s atmosphere pushes down on a given area |
| atmosphere | an envelope of mixed gasses held to the Earth by gravity; the most dense gasses are near the surface of the Earth |
| biosphere | part of the Earth where life exists |
| carbon cycle | the process in which carbon atoms are cycled between abiotic and biotic factors on Earth |
| climate | the long term pattern of weather in an area |
| convection currents | when temperature differences cause liquids and gasses (fluids) to expand and move; the less dense areas continually rise; the more dense areas continually sink, creating a cyclical current |
| coriolis effect | the effect of the Earth’s rotation on the path of air and water; causes the path to curve |
| deforestation | human destruction of natural forested areas |
| density | The amount of mass per unit of volume. |
| fossil fuel | substance rich in carbon that forms from the remains of organisms |
| geosphere | The area of solid earth. |
| global winds | large-scale wind patterns that circulate around the Earth in distinct belts, primarily driven by uneven heating from the sun. |
| greenhouse effect | when heat is trapped in Earth’s atmosphere instead of reflecting into space |
| greenhouse gasses | gasses that trap heat in the atmosphere and reradiate back to Earth’s surface |
| hydrosphere | the ice, water vapor, and liquid water in the atmosphere, including oceans, lakes, streams, soils, and groundwater |
| jet stream | a fast-moving, narrow band of wind in the upper atmosphere |
| natural events | an occurrence with no influence due to human impact |
| photosynthesis | biological process where organisms like plants and algae use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar), releasing oxygen as a byproduct |
| prevailing winds | Winds that blow from a specific direction over a particular area of the Earth. |
| respiration | The metabolic process by which living organisms take in oxygen, break down glucose (food), and release carbon dioxide to generate energy (ATP) needed for cellular functions |
| urbanization | the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas / cities |
| water cycle | The water cycle is the path that all water follows as it moves around Earth in different states; evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. |
| weather | the condition of the atmosphere in an area at a particular time |
Created by:
kara.mabele
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