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DH 282 Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Low Dose-Effect Curve | Measuring the response to the dose of a drug |
| Potency | The amount of drug required to produce an effect |
| Efficacy | Related to the maximal effect of a drug regardless of dose |
| Therapeutic action | The intended or desired results |
| Therapeutic range | Range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the dose causing the minimum adverse effect |
| Therapeutic index (TI) | Number that determines the safety of a drug (the greater the TI, the safer the drug) |
| Hepatic | Liver |
| Biotransformation | The body's way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys |
| Tolerance | The need for an increasingly larger dose of the drug to obtain the same effects as the original dose |
| Renal | Kidney |
| Duration | The length of the drug's effect |
| Half-life | The amount of time that passes for a drug's concentration to fall to half (50%) of its original blood level |
| What are the two functions of action? | Enhancement = Agonist Inhibition = Antagonist |
| What are the four major steps that influence the movement of a drug? | Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (excretion) |
| What are the three major routes? | Enteral, parental, topical |
| Enteral route | Oral, sublingual, rectal; uses the GI tract and is the safest, slowest, and most variable route |
| Parental route | Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal; administered or occurring elsewhere in the body other than the mouth and alimentary canal, drugs bypass the GI tract |
| Topical route | Drug is applied to the body surface and absorbed slowly by the capillaries under the skin |
| Absorption | The process by which drug molecules are transferred from the site of administration to the circulating blood |
| Distribution | The passage of drugs into various body fluid compartments such as plasma, interstitial fluids, and intracellular fluids |
| Metabolism | The body's way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys |
| Drug excretion occurs primarily in the ______ | Kidneys |
| What are the three routes of extraction of drugs? | Glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, passive tubular secretion |
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sarah.gonzalez
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