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Bio Definitions 7.2

Textbook Definitions

TermDefinition
Cytosol Fluid within a cell, part of the cytoplasm
Nucleus storage of information, DNA and RNA, control center, eukaryote
Nuclear Envelope Double membrane, perforated, separate nucleus from cytoplasm, structural framework, regulates movement, eukaryote
Nuclear Lamina Fibrillar network inside of nucleus, organization, eukaryote
Nucleolus Section within nucleus, high concentration of DNA and protein, assemble ribosomes, cell cycle regulation, eukaryote
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membrane-bound sac network, protein synthesis role, folding, modification, lipid production, endomembrane system, eukaryote
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER) Membrane tubules, protein synthesis, folding, production, quality, dispatching, ribosomes on surface
Lumen Interior space of any hollow structure, eukaryote
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER) Membrane tubules, metabolic processes, synthesis lipids, storage, detoxification, endomembrane system, eukaryote
Golgi Apparatus Flattened membrane sac, contains enzymes, processes and packages protein and lipids, transforms and receives, endomembrane system, eukaryote
Cisternae Name for flat membrane sac making up a golgi apparatus, eukaryote
Lysosomes Membrane sac switch hydrolic enzymes, lower PH than cytosol, digestive system, disposal, endomembrane system, eukaryotes
Endomembrane System Group of organelles that work to modify, transport, and package lipids and protein, eukaryote
Vacuole Membrane sac, stores substances, maintains cell shape and pressure, plants
Peroxisomes Small organelle, chemical detoxification, oxidative reactions, eukaryotes
Glyoxysomes Specialized peroxisome in plants, seed germination, lipids -> carbohydrates
Mitochondrion Powerhouse and respiration, eukaryotes
Cristae fold within mitochondria, ATP, eukaryote
Mitochondrial Matrix Gel-like material within mitochondrial, reactions occur, eukaryote
Mitochondrial DNA Circular chromosomes within mitochondrial, eukaryote
Chloroplast Double-enclosed membrane, thylakoids (sacs) within, photosynthesis, plants
Thylakoids Pouch-like sacs within chloroplast, whre reaction occurs, plants
Grana/ Granum stacks of flattened thylakoid disks, plants
Stroma Fluid within double membrane of mitochondrial, plants
Endosymbiosis Theory Theory that mitochondrial originates from a big prokaryote consuming a smaller prokaryote
Extracellular Matrix Collection of protein and carbohydrates outside of an animal cell, helps cells attach and communicate within nearby cells, growth, movement, repairs
Created by: KimbaPasch
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