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Dental Assisting

Infection Control and Disease Transmission Vocabulary/Key Terms

TermDefinition
Acquired immunity Immunity that is developed during a person’s lifetime.
Acute infection An infection of short duration that is often severe.
Anaphylaxis (an-uh-fi-LAK-sis) Extreme hypersensitivity to a substance that can lead to shock and life-threatening respiratory collapse.
Artificially acquired immunity Immunity that results from a vaccination.
Blood-borne disease Disease that is caused by microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood.
Blood-borne pathogens Disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids.
Chain of infection Conditions that all must be present for infection to occur.
Chronic infection An infection of long duration.
Communicable disease Condition caused by an infection that can be spread from person to person or through contact with body fluids.
Contaminated waste Items such as gloves and patient napkins that may contain potentially infectious body fluids of patients.
Direct contact Touching or contact with a patient’s blood or saliva.
Droplet infection An infection that occurs through mucosal surfaces of the eyes, nose, or mouth.
Epidemiologic (ep-i-dee-mee-oe-LOJ-ic) studies Studies of the patterns and causes of diseases.
Hazardous waste Waste that poses a danger to humans or to the environment.
Immunity (i-MYOO-ni-tee) Ability of the body to resist disease.
Indirect contact Touching or contact with a contaminated surface or instrument.
Infection control Policies and practices designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents.
Infection prevention Ultimate goal of all infection control procedures and policies.
Infectious disease Disease that is communicable.
Infectious waste Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease.
Inherited immunity Immunity that is present at birth.
Latent (LAY-tent) infection Persistent infection with recurrent symptoms that “come and go.”
Naturally acquired immunity Immunity that occurs when a person has contracted and is recovering from a disease.
Occupational exposure Any reasonably anticipated skin, eye, or mucous membrane contact or percutaneous injury involving blood or any other potentially infectious materials.
OSHA Blood-Borne Pathogens (BBP) Standard Guidelines designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens.
Pathogen (PA-thuh-jen) Disease-causing organism.
Percutaneous (pur-kyoo-TAY-nee-us) Through the skin, such as with a needle stick, cut, or human bite.
Permucosal (per-myoo-KOE-sul) Contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes or mouth.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) Items such as protective clothing, masks, gloves, and eyewear used to protect employees.
Sharps Pointed or cutting instruments, including needles, scalpel blades, orthodontic wires, and endodontic instruments.
Standard Precautions Standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid via excretion or secretion; expands on the concept of Universal Precautions.
Universal Precautions Guidelines based on treating all human blood and body fluids (including saliva) as potentially infectious.
Virulence (VIR-yoo-luhns) Strength of a pathogen’s ability to cause disease; also known as pathogenicity.
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