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Organelles & Fxn
Organelles & Functions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | control center of the cell; contains the chromosomes |
| Mitochondria | are the sites of cellular respiration; makes ATP |
| Chloroplasts | are found only in plant cells, contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, carries out photosynthesis |
| Vacuoles | store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates; vacuoles in animal cells (if they are present) are much smaller than those in plant cells. |
| Ribosomes | are the sites of protein synthesis; Located on the ER or in the cytoplasm. |
| Rough ER | A complex, extensive network that transports materials throughout the inside of the cell; has ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | A complex, extensive network that transports throughout the inside of the cell. Does not have attached ribosomes. |
| Golgi apparatus | Modifies materials, collects, packages, and distributes molecules within the cell or outside the cell. |
| Cell membrane (plasma membrane) | “The gatekeeper”; Separates the cell’s internal and external environments. Controls what enters and leaves the cell; helps maintain homeostasis; Fluid Mosaic Model – Phopholipid bilayer; Semipermeable. |
| Nuclear membrane (envelope) | is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus |
| Cell wall | is the cell structure that surrounds the cell membrane for protection and support in plant cells, bacteria, fungi |
| Cytoplasm | is the semi-fluid material inside the cell containing molecules and the organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of fibrous proteins that helps the cell with maintaining shape, support, and movement. |
| Vesicles | Carry proteins from the Rough ER to the Golgi apparatus and from the golgi out to the cell membrane |
| Centrioles | Only in animal cells; paired at right angles; function in Cell division |
| Lysosomes | Membrane filled with digestive enzymes; destroy worn out parts of cell; Pac Man of the cell |