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1.1.1

Biology 1.1.1

TermDefinition
Ionic bond Bond formed from electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Covalent bond Bond formed from atoms sharing electrons
Hydrogen bond Covalent bond formed from electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom with one pair of electrons
Heat of vaporization The amount of heat needed to turn 1g of a liquid to vapor without raising the temperature of the liquid
Cohesion The IMF between two adjacent portions of substance
Polar molecule A molecule where one end of the molecule is positive and the other is negative
Nonpolar molecule A molecule that doesn't have any charge, being full or partial
Hydrophilic Attracted to water molecules; water-loving
Hydrophobic Repulsed from water molecules; water-hating
Cytosol The liquid that all organelles reside in in a cell
Prokaryote Single-cell organism
Eukaryote Multi-cell organism
Organelles Specialized structures within a cell; a cell’s organs
Cytoplasm Gel-like substance between the cell membrane and the inner parts of the cell
Plasma membrane Membrane of lipids and proteins that is the external boundary of a cell
Ribosome Particle that binds messenger RNA and transfer RNA to create proteins
Nucleus Controls activities like growth and metabolism within the cell and carries genes; control center of the cell
Cell wall A strong, protective structure that surrounds a plant cell that acts as a selective barrier
Flagella Hairlike appendage that acts as a tail for assisting in movement
Endomembrane system A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
Vesicle Small containers that move molecules, secrete substances, digest materials, and regulate pressure
Rough ER Protein processing
Smooth ER Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids as in plasma membranes, and steroids
Lysosome Cleanups biological waste
Golgi apparatus Transporting, sorting and modifying proteins and lipids
Vacuole Secrete waste and help with water balance
Chloroplast Converts light energy into chemical energy via the photosynthesis
Mitochrondion Uses respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate, which is used as energy throughout the cell
Cilia Hair on the outside of cells to assist in movement
Microtubules Organelle within the cytoskeleton to help support the shape of a cell
Cytoskeleton Made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments to support a cells shape
Created by: NFC1884378234
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