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Head and Neck Exam 1
Study guide for head and neck exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three periods of gestation? | Period of ovum, period of embryo, period of fetus |
| What weeks make up Period of ovum? | fertilization - 2 |
| What weeks make up Period of embryo? | 3rd - 8th |
| What weeks make up Period of fetus? | 9th -36th |
| What is the Stomodeum? | Depression that forms the oral cavity and oral pharynx |
| What does the Foregut form? | digestive tube to duodenum |
| What does the Midgut form? | small intestine, transverse colon, ascending colon, small intestine |
| What does the Hindgut form? | descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum of large intestine |
| Upper lip develops at what week? | 6th |
| Upper lip development process | when medial nasal processes fuse with maxillary processes |
| Palate develops at what weeks | 6th-12th |
| Primary palate is formed from | medial nasal and maxillary processes |
| Secondary palate is formed from | fusion of palatal processes |
| Maxillary processes form | upper cheek regions, most of the upper lip, maxilla, zygomatic bone, secondary palate |
| Medial nasal prominences form | the intermaxillary segment |
| Cleft lip occurs at what weeks | 3-6 |
| Unilateral cleft lip | lack connective tissue migration between ONE maxillary process |
| Bilateral cleft lip | when NEITHER palatal processes fuse with the opposing process |
| Cleft palate occurs at what weeks | 6 ½ - 11th |
| Unilateral Palate | when only ONE of the palatal processes’ fuses with the nasal septum |
| Bilateral Palate | when NEITHER palatal processes fuse with the opposing process or nasal septum |
| What nerve innervates muscles of mastication? | Trigeminal nerve |
| What nerve innervates muscles of facial expression? | Facial nerve |
| Three stages of tooth development | Bud, Cap, Bell |
| Initiation | Budstage first formation of tooth germ |
| Proliferation | Cap stage epithelial cells form to make enamel |
| Histodifferentiation | Bell stage cells increase in number & become specialized |
| BUD STAGE: How many thickened areas in each arch? | 10 |
| CAP STAGE: The dental follicle contains | blood vessels and nerves |
| CAP STAGE Consist of what three components | OEE, IEE, and stellate reticulum |
| BUD STAGE: What are the changes in shape or function seen in this stage | None |
| BELL STAGE: What is the layer that appears in this stage called | stratum intermedium |
| BELL STAGE: What occurs during this stage? | Outline of the crown appears, future outline of crown of tooth is determined Changes in cells will lead to production of enamel |
| What are the four layers of enamel organ | OEE Stellate reticulum Stratum intermedium IEE |
| What cells compose the pharyngeal grooves | Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm |
| Endoderm forms the | respiratory epithelium, digestive system, liver, pancreas, and other glands like the thyroid |
| Mesoderm forms the | muscle, blood vessels, lymphatics, connective tissue, bone, and cartilage |
| Ectoderm forms the | oral cavity, teeth, skin, nails, eye tissue, nervous system |
| What is Meckels cartilage | Acts as a jaw support and a template for the later forming jaw bones |
| which pharyngeal arch is Meckels cartilage associated with? | 1st |
| Dentin develops from | dental papilla derived from mesoderm |
| pulp develops from | dental papilla derived from mesoderm |
| Enamel develops from | enamel organ derived from ectoderm |
| Enamel spindle | odontoblastic process; an extension of the odontoblast becomes trapped between ameloblasts in early development and ends up in the enamel Only seen histologically. |
| Enamel Tuft | small area of hypocalcified enamel only visible histologically |
| Enamel Lamellae | cracks in the enamel caused by developmental problems, trauma, or rapid changes in temp from food or drinks Appears clinically |
| Striae of Retzius | change in development of the rod and this is the brownish line that develops in the enamel |
| Hypocalcified Enamel | spots or entire areas of the teeth appear white to whitish yellow in color |
| Enamel Pearl | small globs of enamel on the surface of dentin |
| What shape best describes the enamel rod? | keyhole |
| What cells produce enamel? | Ameloblasts |
| What is enamel composed of | 96% inorganic 4% water fibrous organic material |
| What is Dentin composed of | 70% inorganic 30% organic |
| What is Cementum composed of | 45-50% inorganic 50-55% organic material |
| What are the three types of dentin? | Primary Dentin Secondary Dentin Reparative Dentin |
| What is the formation of dentin called? | Dentinogenisis |
| When does primary dentin begin | prior to the formation of enamel |
| When does secondary dentin begin | at the time the tooth erupted and comes in contact with the opposing tooth |
| When does reparative dentin begin | In response to trauma |
| What are the three different structures found in dentin? | Dentinal tubule, Peritubular & Intertubular dentin |
| Interglobular dentin | Poorly calcified dentin that become trapped between the CEJ in the crown and the DEJ in the root. |
| Dead tracts | Empty tubules due to the death of odontoblasts that originally occupied them |
| Sclerotic dentin | Occurs when dental tubules are filled with dentin material Related to occlusal trauma or decay |
| Dental Lamina | Corresponds with future dental arch shape |
| Vestibular lamina | Thickening of oral epithelium in a facial/buccal direction from the dental lamina |
| Successional Lamina | Lingual extension of the dental lamina in primary teeth |
| What shape does dental lamina take on | U-Shape |
| What does Dental Lamina do? | thickening from midline to posterior where 10/10 distinct areas emerge (will become primary teeth) |
| What does Vestibular lamina do? | Splitting of the tissue occurs forming a groove that becomes the muco-buccal fold or vestibule |
| What does Successional Lamina develop? | Permanent molars develop from a posterior of the dental lamina Develop at different rates per tooth and slower than primary teeth |
| Which structures are formed from the dental sac? | Cementum PDL Some alveolar bone |
| Which structures are formed from the enamel organ? | enamel |
| Which structures are formed from the Dental Papilla/Follicle? | dentin and pulp of the tooth |
| What are epithelial rests of Malassez? | the remaining cells are found in the periodontal space next to the tooth |
| What can happen with the rests of Malassez? | if cells later begin to divide, they may lead to formation of periodontal cysts in the jaws |
| What are the two different types of Cementum | Cellular Acellular |
| Cellular Cementum covers | apical half of root |
| Acellular Cementum covers | cervical half of root |
| What percentage of time does cementum overlap enamel? | 60% |
| What is Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath? | Cervical loop cells continue to proliferate Undergoes rapid cellular division and grows deep into the underlying connective tissue |
| Which pharyngeal arch is associated with the anterior portion of the tongue? | 1st and 2nd arch |
| Which pharyngeal arch is associated with the posterior portion of the tongue? | 3rd arch |
| Which pharyngeal arch is associated with the root of the tongue? | 4th arch |
| Which pharyngeal arch is associated with the epiglottis? | 4th arch |
| What are the four different papillae found on the tongue? | Filiform Fungiform Circumvallate Foliate |
| What is the location of Filiform papillae? | Remainder anterior 2/3rd of the tongue |
| What is the function of Filiform papillae? | Tactile sensation |
| What is the location of Fungiform papillae? | Anterior 2/3rd of the tongue |
| What is the function of Fungiform papillae? | Contains taste buds only located on the upper surface instead of the sides |
| What is the location of Circumvallate papillae? | Located about 2/3rds of the way back of the tongue |
| What is the function of Circumvallate papillae? | Contain tiny taste buds which contain small hair like nerve endings to perceive taste |
| What is the location of Foliate papillae? | Roughened lateral surface back in the region of the vallate papillae |
| What is the function of Foliate papillae? | Contain few tastes buds |
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jackie70060
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