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den111-chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the first name of a bacteria? | Genus |
| What is the last name of a bacteria? | Species |
| 3 basic shapes of bacteria: | 1. spherical cells (cocci) 2. rod shaped cells (bacilli) 3. spiral cells (spirilla) |
| What are the main structures in bacteria? | cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, mesosomes, cell wall, outer membrane, capsule, flagella, fimbriae and pili, endospores |
| 5 major chemical or physical conditions that influence growth of bacteria: | temp, acidity, nutrients, oxygen metabolism, water |
| 4 bacteria groups based on requirement for oxygen: | obligate aerobes, microaerophiles, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes |
| Metabolism: | sum of chemical reactions that occur in the cell. |
| Two phases of metabolism: | catabolism and anabolism |
| Archaea are: | single cell microbes, similar to bacteria, closely related to eukaryotes because of genes and metabolic pathways |
| The staining procedure what created by: | Dr. Christian Gram |
| Nucleoid: | single long chromosome of DNA that contains most of the genes controlling cell activities |
| Mesosomes: | gram positive bacteria; inward foldings of cytoplasmic membrane. House many hydrolytic enzymes released into extracellular environment |
| Lysozyme: | present in saliva, tears, nasal secretions, and other body secretions |
| What kind of bacteria have an outer membrane? | gram negative |
| Phagocytosis: | process in which the presence of capsules also reduce the ability of white blood cells to surround, engulf, and destroy bacterium |
| Binary fission: | cells divide into two daughter cells |
| Thermophiles best grow at: | range of 45C-70C (113-158F) |
| Mesophiles best grow at: | range of 22-45C (71.6-113F); optimal growth at 37C (98.F) |
| Psychrophiles best grow at: | range of 1-22C (33.8-71.6F); optimal growth at refridgerator temp 7C (44.6F) |
| Obligate aerobes: | require presence of oxygen at concentrations of 20% and cannot grow at low oxygen concentrations |
| Microaerophiles: | can tolerate only low concentrations of oxygen ususally of no more than 4% |
| Obligate anaerobes: | cannot tolerate oxygen and grow only in its absence. |
| Facultative anaerobes: | can grow in presence or absence of all oxygen |
| Transcription: | genetic info in the DNA is used to form messenger RNA. |
| The surest way to kill bacteria in the shortest amount of time is: | expose them to high temperature |
| Life cycle of a virus: | adsorption (attaches surface) , penetration (virus enters host), uncoating (capsid degraded to nucleic acid), replication, assembly ( capsid assembled around nucleic acid), release (viral particle migrates to membrane or cell lyses to release contents) |
| In dentistry, the most important fungal infection is: | oral candidiasis |
| What is oral candidiasis caused by? | Candida albicans |
| A special form of bacterium that is dormant and highly resistant to heat and chemicals is a: | spore |
| Bacteria that make acids are called: | Acidogenic |
| Bacteria that can survive and grow in the presence of acids | Aciduric |
| Bacteria that die in the presence of oxygen are called: | Anaerobic |
| Structures that allow certain bacteria to attach to surfaces are called: | fimbriae |
| An antibiotic is a: | Chemical substance produced by a microorganism that can inhibit the growth of or destroy some other microorganisms. |
Created by:
madelineyork
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