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Ecology Module 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | The interrelationships between organisms and their environment |
| Biotic Factor | Any living factor in an organism's environment |
| Abiotic Factor | Any nonliving factor in an organism's environment, such as soil, water temperature, and light availability |
| Biosphere | Relatively thin layer of Earth and its atmosphere that supports life |
| Biome | Large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities |
| Population | Group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic area at the same time |
| Community | All the interacting populations of different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time |
| Organism | Scientific study of all the interrelationships between organisms and their environment |
| Ecosystem | Biological community and all the nonliving factors that affect it |
| Tolerance | Organism's ability to survive biotic and abiotic factors |
| Limiting Factor | Biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the number, distribution, or reproduction of a population within a community |
| Niche | Role, or position, of an organism in its environment |
| Habitat | Physical area in which an organism lives |
| Predation | Act of one organism feeding on another organism |
| Symbiosis | Close association between two or more species that live together |
| Mutualism | Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit |
| Parasitism | Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism |
| Commensalism | Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed |
| Autotroph | Organism that captures energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce its own food; provides the foundation of the food supply for other organisms; also called a producer |
| Heterotroph | Organism that cannot make its own food and gets its nutrients and energy requirements by feeding on other organisms; also called a consumer |
| Herbivore | Heterotroph that eats only plants |
| Carnivore | Heterotroph that preys on other heterotrophs |
| Omnivore | Heterotroph that consumes both plants and animals |
| Detritivore | Heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to soil, air, and water, making the nutrients available to other organisms |
| Trophic Level | Each step in a food chain or food web |
| Food Chain | Simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem |
| Food Web | Model that shows many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem |
| Biomass | Total mass of living matter at each trophic level |
| Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
| Nutrient | Chemical substance that living organisms obtain from the environment to carry out processes and sustain life. |
| Biogeochemical Cycle | Exchange of matter through the biosphere involving living organisms, chemical processes, and geological processes. |
| Nitrogen Fixation | Process through which nitrogen gas is captured and converted into a form that plants can use. |
| Denitrification | Process in which fixed nitrogen compounds are converted back into nitrogen gas and returned to the atmosphere. |
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