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ENGLISH 4 L1
Introduction to 21st Century Literature
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "Literature is one of the most interesting an significant expressions of humanity" - Who quote from? | P.T Barnum |
| Literature is derived from the term "" | Litaritura |
| "Literatura" means? | writing formed with letters |
| some definitions of literature include spoken or sung texts (T or F) | TRUE |
| accounts for human experiences through literary tests like- universality and style | Literature |
| the wholeness of our experiences: the artistic record of life | Literature |
| a collection of oral or written work | Literature |
| Three genres of Literature | Prose Poetry and Drama |
| written in ordinary form of language (e.g. sentences or paragraphs) in non-metrical rhythm | Prose |
| Two types of Prose | Fiction and Non-Fiction |
| What are examples of Fiction Prose? | Fables, Legends, Myths, Parables, Folktale, Fairytale, Novel, Novelette, and Short story |
| Kinds of Fiction? | Realistic, Historical, Fantasy, and Traditional Literature |
| a short tale that contains a moral and whose characters are often animals, given various human qualities | Fables |
| tales of the origin of things, events, or forces of nature | Legends |
| a story or group of interrelated stories that people accept as making statements about the universe and human life; specific accounts of gods or superhuman beings | Myths |
| a short narrative that use people to illustrate man’s relation to God | Parable |
| a narrative filled with superstitions, anecdotes, proverbs, legends, and customs of a particular group, race, geographical region, or culture | Folktale |
| a narrative that relates the lives and adventures of supernatural spirits or of mysterious creatures, whose behaviors and actions are often benevolent but also sometimes sinister or wicked | Fairytale |
| short fictional narrative that can be read in one sitting; focuses on a single event involving a few fictional characters | Short Story |
| an exaggerated narrative that portrays fictional characters engaging in action and conflicts; divided into chapters | Novel |
| a fictional narrative that is longer than a short story but shorter than a novel | Novelette |
| What are the Six Essential Elements in a Short Story? | Characters, Setting, Plot, Conflict, Point of View, Theme |
| 2 Major Characters? | Protagonist and Antagonist |
| main character, around which the whole story revolves | Protagonist |
| the character, or group of characters that causes the conflict for the protagonist | Antagonist |
| characters that do not change (fixed) throughout the story, their use may simply be to create or relieve tension, or they were not meant to change; a major character can remain static through the whole story | Static |
| characters that change throughout the story, they may learn a lesson, become bad, or change in complex ways | Dynamic |
| characters with a single trait, usually only all positive or negative; the opposite of a round character; the flaw or strength has its use in the story | Flat |
| characters with many different traits, good and bad, making them more interesting; multi-dimensional or complex character | Round |
| refers to the time and place (or when and where) of the story | Setting |
| usually introduced during the exposition (beginning) of the story, along with the characters | Setting |
| may also include the environment of the story (e.g. physical location, climate, weather, or social and cultural surroundings) | Setting |
| refers to the sequence or the events in the story | Plot |
| introduces the characters, setting, and the main conflict | Exposition |
| introduces the conflict of the story | Rising Action |
| introduces the central moment of the crisis that defines the conflict | Climax |
| introduces the aftermath of the conflict (whether it is resolved or not) | Falling action |
| introduces the moment of insight, discovery, or revelation of the character after the falling action | Resolution/Denouement |
| the primary problem that the characters in a story experience | Conflict |
| the driving force in any story, as it influences the turn of events in the plot | Conflict |
| Two types of Conflict? | Internal and External |
| man vs. man, man vs. nature, man vs. society | External |
| man vs. self | Internal |
| one of the most common type of conflict; can be a physical fight, or it can be a battle of the minds | man vs. man |
| puts a character or group of characters against natural forces, such as storms or animals; usually reveals something about human nature, such as man’s fight for life or his perseverance in the face of chaos | man vs. nature |
| usually about a corrupt or unjust legal system, culture or other entity | man vs. society |
| focuses on a psychological struggle that the character is having (Internal) | man vs. self |
| 3 types of POV? | First person, Second Person, Third Person |
| a character (participant) from the story is telling the story; uses the pronouns “I” and “me”; narrator | First person |
| uncommon; unusual observer as narrator; uses the pronoun “you” | Second Person |
| an outside narrator (non-participant) is telling the story; uses the pronouns “he”, “she”, “they” | Third Person |
| the central, general message, the main idea, the controlling topic about life or people the author wants to get across through a literary work | Theme |
| Examples in Non-fiction? | AUTOBIOGRAPHY, BIOGRAPHY, DIARY, NEWS, ESSAY, TRUE STORIES |
| the life story of a person written by himself | Autobiography |
| the life story of a person written by another person | Biography |
| a day-to-day account of a person’s activities and experiences | Diary |
| information that is published in newspapers and/or broadcast on radio and television about recent events | News |
| a prose composition intended to present a tentative exploration or evaluation of a subject; a brief-prose personal discussion of a restricted topic | Essay |
| adventures/stories that really happen to real people | True Stories |
| composition in verse which achieves its effect through rhythmic expressions of various patterns of sounds or imagery, either spoken or written | POETRY |
| Two Types of Fiction? | Modern Fiction and Traditional Fiction |
| What is considered Modern Fiction? | Novel, Novelette, Short Story |
| What is considered Traditional Fiction? | Fables, Legends, Myths, Parables, Folktale, Fairytale |
| Tells a story or a tale; it features an entire story, told by one narrator from beginning to end. | Narrative Poetry |
| Examples of Narrative Poetry? | ballads, epics, metrical romance |
| Exampled of Ballad? | Bahay Kubo |
| Example of Epic? | Bi-ag ni Lam-ang |
| Example of Metrical Romance? | Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas |
| is a written work that both tells a story and connects the reader to an audience through emotions or behavior; employs dramatic techniques such as dialogue or characters, instead of just a single speaker or persona | Dramatic Poetry |
| Types of Poetry | Narrative Poetry, Dramatic Poetry, Lyric Poetry |
| What else is Dramatic Poetry known as? | also known as dramatic verse or verse drama |
| Example of Dramatic Poetry? | Anak by Freddie Aguilar |
| is a short, emotionally expressive poem with a songlike quality. | lyric poetry |
| Examples of Lyric Poem? | Ode. sonnet, elegy, song, folk song. proverb |
| Example of Ode? | Ode on a Grecian Urn by John Keats |
| Example of Elegy? | Elegy Written on a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray |
| Example of Sonnet? | Sonnet XVIII by William Shakespeare |
| Example of Song? | Salamin, Salamin by Bini |
| a form of verse, often a narrative set to music; written about popular subjects | Ballad |
| a narrative poem of considerable length (thousand-lined) told in an elevated style and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure whose actions depend on the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race | Epic |
| a narrative poem of considerable length which treats love, intrigue, and chivalric adventures and romances | Metrical Romance |
| a form of lyric poetry that is usually addressed to someone or something; or it represents the poet's musings on that person or thing | Ode |
| a form of lyric poetry in which the poet or speaker expresses grief, sadness, or loss | elegy |
| verses adapted to musical expression | Song |
| a poem, properly expressive of a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment, of 14 lines with alternate rhyme schemes and normally employs iambic pentameter | Sonnet |
| Difference between Narrative Poetry and Dramatic Poetry? | Although they both tell a story, dramatic poetry heavily emphasizes on emotions and use of dialogue and such. It has multiple speakers unlike Narrative Poetry which only has 1 |
| a composition whether in verse or prose that tells a story through action and dialogue and designed for theatrical performances | Drama |
| Types of Drama? | Tragedy, Comedy, Melodrama, |
| Example of Tragedy? | Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare |
| Example of Melodrama? | Titanic |
| Example of Comedy? | A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare |
| a serious play in which a character meets with disaster, either because of personal fault or events that cannot be helped | Tragedy |
| a drama (play, film, TV programs), characterized by exaggerated emotions, stereotypical characters, and interpersonal conflicts | Melodrama |
| a light amusing play with a happy ending | Comedy |
| devices that use words or expressions as ornaments of language for the purpose of enhancing its learners, force, brutality, and vividness of expression | Figures of Speech |
| the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of the words | ALLITERATION |
| uses exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally | HYPERBOLE |
| expresses one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite | IRONY |
| compares two things that are not alike and finds something about them to make them alike without the use of “like” or “as | METAPHOR |
| compares two things that are not really the same, but are used to make a point about each other, usually using the words ‘like' or ‘as’ | SIMILE |
| a situation in which the thing discussed is made to seem much less important than it really is | UNDERSTATEMENT |
| the use of a word that actually sounds like what it means | ONOMATOPOEIA |
| a figure of speech that completely contradicts itself in the same sentence; a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well-founded or true | PARADOX |
| a way of giving an inanimate object the qualities of a living thing | PERSONIFICATION |
| this play on words uses different senses of the word, or different sounds that make up the word, to create something fun and interesting | PUN |
| contains two contradicting words that are put together to portray a particular image or to produce a striking effect | OXYMORON |
| contains words that are used to soften the message or make it sound better than it | EUPHEMISM |
Created by:
annebelle
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