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1610 Ch. 1-4
1610 Biology Ch. 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the monomeric unit for polypeptides? | amino acids |
| What is the monomeric unit for polysaccharides? | monosaccharides CnH2nOn |
| This occurs during the teritiary structure of proteins. | The protein shape is assumed by a polypeptide chain. |
| Why is the specific heat of water important? | water changes temperature slowly |
| These elements make up less than 1% of the body mass. | Trace elements |
| What occurs during the secondary structure of a protein? | hydrogen bonding |
| What is Avagadro's Number? | 6.02 x 10^23 |
| What are the main types of Scientific Inquiry? | 1.) Discovery and Induction2.) Hypothetico-Deductive |
| What occurs during the primary level of protein organization? | amino acid sequence |
| Define Calorie | The amount of heat gained or lost with a temperature change of 1 degree celcious for one gram of water. |
| What are the emergent properties of water? | cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, solvent |
| What occurs during the tertiary level of protein organization? | The overall shape of the protein is assumed by each polypeptide chain |
| Name the monomers of nucleic acids. | NucleotidesThree basic components:1. pentose sugar2. nitrogenous base3. phosphate group |
| What occurs during the quaternary level of protein organization? | Interactions among polypeptides |
| Name the three biological domains. | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
| As a cell gets larger does the surface area to volume increase or decrease? | decrease, as a cell gets larger the surface to area ratio decreases |
| What is a peptide bond? | links polypeptide macromolecules |
| List the taxonomix hierarchy. | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| What is the monomeric unit for proteins? | amino acid |
| What is the monomeric unit for carbohydrates? | simple sugars, glucose, fructose, galactose |
| What is the polymer for carbohydrates? | starch, cellulose, glycogen |
| What is the polymer for nucleic acids? | DNA or RNA |
| What is the polymer for lipids? | fatty acids |
| What is the monomer for polysaccharides? | monosaccharides, generally have this formula CnH2nOn |
| What is the bond type for nucleic acids? | phosphodiester bond |
| Phospholipids and steroids are what type of macromolecule? | lipids |
| Name the monomeric unit of each of the polymers. | polypeptides=amino acids; polysaccharides=starch, cellulose; lipids=triglycerides; nucleic acids=DNA & RNA |
| What are the four main elements of life? | hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon |
| Microtubules are made up of what type of protein? | tubulin |
| Define atomic mass. | The total of the number of protons and neutrons |
| What is the monomer of polypeptides? | amino acids |
| What is the extracellular matrix? | phospholipid bilayer |
| What is the bond type for lipids? | ester linkage |
| What is an ester linkage? | links the lipid macromolecules |
| What is the monomeric unit for lipids? | fatty acids |
| Name the three types of isomers. | structural, geometrical, enantiomeric |
| What does polar covalent mean? | chemical bond by the sharing of electrons |
| Who is Carolus Linnaeus? | The Linnaean system of naming species (Taxonomy), The bonomial system of nomenclature |
| When naming a species, the first part refers to the... | genus |
| when naming a species, the second part refers to the... | species |
| This organelle synthesizes various proteins (phospholipids, etc), metabolism of carbohydrates and detoxification of Ca2+ | smooth ER (endomembrane) |
| What is taxonomy? | The science of naming and classifying organisms. |
| Name the protein found in microtubules | tubulin |
| name the protein found in microfiliaments | actin |
| name the protein found in intermediate filaments | pectin |
| At what temperature is water most dense? | 4 degrees celsius |
| Name the three types of filaments found in the cytoskeleton | microtubule, intermediate filaments, microfilaments |
| What is the domain of science? | Nature |
| Name the monomer, bond type, and an example for nucleic acids | monomer= nucleotides, bond type= phosphodiester linkage, ex. =DNA & RNA |
| What are the three basic themes in biology? | Evolution, Information Transfer, and Energy |
| What occurs during the secondary level of protein organization? | hydrogen bonding |
| What is a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis? | bonds two monomers creating a H2O molecule |
| What type of macromolecule is amino acid? | polypeptides |
| Amino acids are what type of isomer? | enantiomers |
| Name the four macromolecules. | polysaccharides, polypeptides, lipids, nucleic acids |
| Why does water expand as it freezes? | all of the hydrogen bonds stabilize |
| What occurs during the secondary level of protein organization? | hydrogen bonding |
| What are the three states of matter? | liquid, solid, gaseous |
| What does amphipathic mean? | contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions |
| This organelle has attached ribosomes and plays a role in protein synthesis | Rough ER (endomembrane) |
| Name the nonendomembrane organelles. | chloroplast, mitochondria, peroxisomes |
| This endomembrane organelle is responsible for the storage and transport of hydrophilic enzymes | lysosome |
| What is a glycosidic linkage? | links polysaccharide molecules |
| All organic compounds have these two elements? | carbon and nitrogen |
| What is the covalent bond between nucleotides? | phosphodiester linkage |
| Which particle determines the chemical behavior of an atom? | electron |
| Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? | chloroplast (nonendomembrane) |
| Starch and Glycogen are what type of macromolecule? | polysaccharide |
| Name the endomembrane organelles | nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and vacuoles, ribosomes (sometimes) |
| This organelle is responsible for cellular respiration. | mitochondria (nonendomemrane) |
| What is the monomeric unit for nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What bond type do polysaccharides have? | glycosidic linkage |
| Name the bond type for each type of macromolecule | polysaccharides= glycosidic, lipids= ester, polypeptide= peptide, nucleic acids= phosphodiester |
| Name the function groups | Hydroxyl (-OH), Carboxyl (-COOH), Carbonyl (-COH), Amino (-NH2), *Phosphate (-P), Sulfhydryl (-SH) |
| What is the bond type for polypeptides? | peptide |
| What is the monomer for nucleic acids? | nucleotide (consist of sugar carbon phosphate) |
| What is an ionic bond? | a bond between anions and cations |
| What is inductive reasoning? | begin with specific observations and draw conclusions or discover a general principal |
| What occurs during the secondary level of protein organization? | hydrogen bonding |
| Name the nonendomembrane organelles | mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome |
| Name the characteristics of life/of all living things | cell growth/development, metabolism, response to stimuli, reproduction, evolution of populations |
| What is cohesion? | water sticks to itself |
| What is adhesion? | water sticks to other things/substances |
| What is an isotope? | An atom with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. ex. C14 |
| All organic compounds have these two elements? | carbon and nitrogen |
| What is an isomer? | The same chemical formula but different structural formulas |
| What is reductionism? | studying something by reducing it to its individual components |
| What is deductive reasoning? | drawing conclusions based on supplied information (premises) |
| What is an electronegative atom? | holds on to electrons longer |
| Carbohydrates are what type of molecule? | polysaccharides |
Created by:
Grace Perry
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