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Bio/Int. 2-Lesson 19

Human Genetics

TermDefinition
Autosome a chromosome that does not code for gender
Sex Chromosome either an X or Y chromosome that codes for gender, females have an XX pair and males have an XY pair
Homologous Chromosomes a pair of matching chromosomes, with one being inherited from each parent
Karyotype set of photographs of pairs of chromosomes
Gene segment of DNA that carries the genetic information to code for a specific trait (or protein)
Allele an alternate form of a gene, example is blue and brown eyes coding for eye color
Polygenic Inheritance pattern of inheritance responsible for many features of an organism, a trait controlled by more than one gene
Mutation any change in the DNA base sequence that affects genetic information
Non-disjunction an error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate
Translocation a chromosomal rearrangement in which a segment of genetic material from one chromosome becomes linked to another chromosome
Amniocentesis prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities using amniotic fluid surrounding a baby for testing
Created by: ECOTScience10-11
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