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AccBio Semester 2
Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A _____ is a section of a chromosome. | gene |
| Humans have a total of _____ chromosomes. | 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs |
| Human sex cells have ___ chromosomes. | 23 |
| When the egg and sperm join, it is called _________. | fertilization |
| A form of a gene that hides the other form is called _______. | dominant |
| A form of a gene that is hidden by the other from is called _________. | recessive |
| Different forms of a gene are called ______. | alleles |
| A picture showing the complete set of chromosomes is called a(n) _________. | karyotype |
| The sex chromosomes of a normal human female are ___. | XX |
| The sex chromosomes of a normal human male are ___. | XY |
| Chromosomes are made of the molecule called ______________, which is abbreviated ____. | deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA |
| A change in the DNA is called a(n) ________. | mutation |
| The sperm contains (X and X, X and Y) chromosomes. (choose one) | X and Y |
| The egg contains (X and X, X and Y) chromosomes. (choose one) | X and X |
| The probability of having a female offspring is ____% | 50 |
| The probability of having a male offspring is ____% | 50 |
| When a gene is located on the X or Y chromosome, it is called __________. | sex-linked |
| When a gene for a disease is located on the Y chromosome, only ______ can get the disease. | men |
| The diagram that shows patterns of inheritance through the generations of a family is called a(n) _________. | pedigree |
| When a gene for a disease is located on the X chromosome, _____ are more affected that ______. | women, men |
| A person who possesses the allele for a trait without expressing it is called a _____. | carrier |
| Cystic Fibrosis is a disease caused by the inheritance of two recessive alleles. Show the Punnett square for a child who has the disease and whose parents do not. (use M) | M mM Mm Mmm Mm mm |
| What are the chances that these two parents will have an unaffected child? ___% (parents are heterozygous) | 75 |
| In what part of the cell is the genetic infomation stored? | nucleus |
| Having a straight thumb is a dominant trait. The mother is heterozygous for the trait. Are her thumbs straight or curbed? Genotype? Phenotype? (use X) | Straight, Xx, straight thumbs |
| The father is homozygous dominamt for straight/curved thumbs. Show the Punnett square for the offspring. (use T) | T tT TT TtT TT Tt |
| What is the probability that the offspring will have straight thumbs? ____% | 100 |
| The shape of the DNA molecule is a(n) ________ | double helix |
| The four nitrogen bases in DNA are _______, _______, _______, and ________. (g, a, t, and c) | guanine, adenine, thymine, cytosine |
| The sugar found in RNA is called ______. | ribose |
| The sugar found in DNA is called ___________. | deoxyribose |
| The research that identified the entire sequence of DNA is called __________________. | the human genome project |
| Taking genes from one organism and placing them into another is called _______. | cloning |
| Adenine bonds with _______ in the DNA molecule. | thymine |
| Adenine bonds with _______ in the RNA molecule. | uracil |
| A codon of mRNA is GAU. What is the DNA codon it came from? | CTA |
| The protein coat on a virus is called a(n) ______. | capsid |
| A virus injects itself into a _____. | host |
| What are the five kingdoms of life? (a, pl, pr, f, b) | animal, plant, protist, fungi, bacteria |
| Insects and worms belong in which kingdom? | animal |
| Members of this kingdom have chloroplasts in their cells. | plants, sometimes protists |
| Members of this kingdom have three main shapes: rod, sphere, spiral. | bacteria |
| Members of this kingdom often have flagella or cilia. | protists |
| Members of this kingdom make their own food (2 possibilities) | plants and protists |
| Photosynthesis requires sunlight, water, and ______ | CO2 |
| The scientist who said that living species were produces through a slow process of evolutionary change was named ______________. | Charles Darwin |
| Plants have cell walls made of _______. | cellulose |
| Fungi have cell walls made of ______. | chitin |
| Animals with stinging cells are called _________. | cnidarians |
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