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Bio/Int. 2- Lesson 5
Introduction to the Cell
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cells | the basic unit of structure and function in organisms |
| Cell Membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cytoplasm | liquid material inside of the cell membrane- but not including the nucleus |
| Prokaryotes | single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other internal components; they are among the most ancient of organisms |
| Eukaryote | a cell that has a nucleus and other internal components known as organelles |
| Organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Endosymbiont Hypothesis | theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms |
| Symbiosis | relationship in which two species can live closely together |
| Lipid Bilayer | double-layer sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes, consists of phospholipids |
| Phospholipid | a lipid molecule that consists of a polar head region and two non-polar tail regions |
| Cilia | short hair-like projections along the cell membrane, assist the cell in movement |
| Flagella | tail-like projection that assists a cell with its movement |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | internal membrane system within a cell in which components are transported throughout the cell |
| Mitochondria | organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules |
| Golgi Apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that collects, modifies, packages, and distributes various molecules in the cell |
| Nucleus | the control center of a cell; where DNA is found within a cell |
| Ribosomes | places for protein production within a cell |
| Vacuoles | fluid-filled spaces within a cell that function in digestion, storage, support, and water balance |
| Lysosomes | organelles filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Cell Wall | strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria, contains proteins and carbohydrates |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis |
| Chlorophyll | pigment found in plants that captures light energy |
Created by:
ECOTScience10-11
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